Influence of Physical Activity on Daily Positive Affect & Affective Neural Activity in Preschoolers

项目摘要：了解身体活动和积极影响之间的关系如何改变情感 发育早期的神经回路为解开发育、病因和 治疗精神疾病，特别是情绪障碍。儿童期情绪障碍和缺乏体力活动 活动是两个主要的公共卫生问题，后者的流行率越来越高， 在整个生命周期中的大量发病率1，2.尽管有研究表明，身体活动在 情绪症状的改善，解释这些发展关系的研究， 情绪障碍的发病率非常低。新的早期干预措施，重点关注身体健康的益处 预防儿童情绪障碍的活动可能大有希望。考虑到这一框架， 本K23提案的目的是使候选人能够制定一项研究计划，调查 身体活动对情感神经活动和儿童情绪障碍风险影响以帮助实现 本申请中的培训计划旨在满足申请人在以下方面的培训需求：1）体力活动 和事件相关电位（ERP）评估方法[和协议]在幼儿; 2）研究 情绪发展和学龄前精神病理学的评估;和3）纵向研究设计， 先进的数据分析技术。丰富的培训环境和多学科的导师团队， 每个领域都有详细说明。这项研究计划验证了一个假设，即积极情感（测量） 在大脑，行为和生态瞬时评估方面）介导了物理之间的关联， 活动和后来的维度情绪症状早期发展。因此，我们假设，每天低（和 每周）的体力活动会降低每日（和每周）的积极影响，并显着有助于 情绪症状的发展，即使在考虑了关键协变量（如情绪家族史）后， 障碍和心理社会风险和保护因素。为了验证这些假设，学龄前儿童（3-5岁）高 积极情绪低的人将使用筛选清单进行招募，并进行两次评估，间隔18个月 使用ERP方法，一周的客观收集的身体活动数据，一周的生态 瞬时评估数据和前瞻性设计中的行为方法。本研究的数据将 用于为更明确的R 01项目的开发提供信息，该项目绘制了身体活动的轨迹， 神经标志物和情绪症状在高危幼儿和结果预计有预防 和治疗的影响，通过确定是否和如何积极的情感（测量行为和 中性）将身体活动与发展早期的情绪症状升高联系起来。此外，拟议的 培训计划将使惠伦博士成为一名独立的科学家，研究物理学的作用。 在儿童情绪障碍的发展和维持中的活动。

Project Abstract: Understanding how relations between physical activity and positive affect may alter affective neurocircuitry early in development holds enormous promise for unlocking the development, etiology, and treatment of mental illnesses, particularly mood disorders. Both childhood mood disorders and lack of physical activity are two major public health problems, the latter with increasing prevalence and associated with substantial morbidity across the lifespan1,2. Despite research implicating a strong role of physical activity in the amelioration of mood symptoms, research accounting for these developmental relationships relevant to the onset of mood disorders is greatly lacking. Novel, early interventions focusing on the benefits of physical activity for the prevention of childhood mood disorders may hold great promise. With this framework in mind, the purpose of this K23 proposal is to enable the candidate to develop a research program investigating the impact of physical activity on affective neural activity and risk for childhood mood disorders. To help achieve the goal, the training plan in this application addresses the applicant's need for training in: 1) physical activity and event related potentials (ERP) assessment methods [and protocols] in young children; 2) research assessments of emotion development and preschool psychopathology; and 3) longitudinal study design and advanced data analysis techniques. A rich training environment and a multidisciplinary team of mentors in each of these areas is detailed. The research proposal tests the hypothesis that positive affectivity (measured in terms of brain, behavior, and ecological momentary assessment) mediates the association between physical activity and later dimensional mood symptoms early in development. Thus, we hypothesize that low daily (and weekly) physical activity leads to lower daily (and weekly) positive affect and significantly contributes to the development of mood symptoms, even after accounting for key covariates such as family history of mood disorder and psychosocial risk and protective factors. To test these hypotheses, preschoolers (ages 3-5) high and low on positive affect will be recruited using a screening checklist and assessed twice, 18 months apart using ERP methods, one week of objectively collected physical activity data, one week of ecological momentary assessment data, and behavioral methods in a prospective design. Data from this study will be used to inform development for a more definitive R01 project that charts the trajectories of physical activity, neural markers, and mood symptoms in at-risk young children and results are anticipated to have prevention and treatment implications, by determining whether and how positive affectivity (measured behaviorally and neutrally) links physical activity to elevated mood symptoms early in development. Further, the proposed training plan will enable Dr. Whalen to become an independent scientist investigating the role of physical activity in the development and maintenance of mood disorders in children.