Mouse Models and Metabolomics Tools to Investigate Alcohol Metabolism and Tissue Injury

摘要 酒精的有害作用主要是由其代谢副产物介导的。微生物体对乙醇的代谢 线粒体系统产生活性氧和氮物种，并与谷胱甘肽减少有关 和抗氧化酶活性，所有这些都会促进氧化应激。此外，乙醇衍生的积聚 醛和羟乙基通过与蛋白质和DNA形成加合物来改变关键的生物功能。 乙醇代谢或抗氧化机制经过基因改造的动物模型的可用性有助于 研究这些酶和氧化应激在与酒精消费相关的疾病中所起的作用。这个 此应用程序的目标是：a)维护和开发独特的转基因敲除，可供 更大的研究社区，以调查酒精滥用的发病机制和潜在的 酒精的有害影响，以及B)提供代谢组学和组织成像质谱仪(IMS)的专业知识，以促进 酒精暴露的生化后果和发病机制的研究。我们的首要目标是提供 向更大的研究社区提供有价值的转基因动物模型和代谢组学资源，这将大大提高 我们对酒精性疾病的机制以及急性和慢性酒精中毒的病理生理影响的理解 长期饮酒。预计我们的新陈代谢平台将提供最先进的技术来解剖 酒精致组织损伤的分子机制。这样的知识将促进更有效的发展 酒精滥用的治疗。

ABSTRACT The deleterious effects of alcohol are primarily mediated by its metabolic by-products. Ethanol metabolism by microsomal and mitochondrial systems generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and is associated with diminished glutathione and antioxidant enzymatic activity, all of which promote oxidative stress. In addition, the accumulation of ethanol-derived aldehydes and hydroxyethyl radicals serves to modify critical biological functions by forming adducts with proteins and DNA. The availability of animal models in which ethanol metabolism or antioxidant mechanisms are genetically modified facilitates investigation of the role these enzymes and oxidative stress play in diseases associated with ethanol consumption. The goals of this application are to: A) maintain and develop unique transgenic knockouts that can be made available to the larger research community for the investigation of the pathogenesis of alcohol abuse and the mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of alcohol, and B) offer metabolomics and tissue imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) expertise to facilitate investigation of the biochemical consequences of alcohol exposure and pathogenesis. Our overarching aim is to provide valuable transgenic animal models and metabolomics resources to the larger research community that will greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced disease and the pathophysiological effects of acute and chronic alcohol consumption. It is anticipated that our metabolomic platforms will offer state-of-the-art techniques to dissect the molecular mechanisms of alcohol-induced tissue injury. Such knowledge will facilitate the development of more effective treatments of alcohol abuse.