Promoting Maintenance of Behavior Change Following Brief Alcohol Intervention

项目概要 大学生面临大量饮酒的风险，影响学业成绩和心理 和身体健康。简短的动机干预可以减少饮酒及其后果，但干预 干预后 3-6 个月收益衰减。强制大学生，违反大学饮酒规定 政策，是重要的干预目标；他们喝得更多，经历更多与酒精相关的后果， 与普通学生相比，他们不太可能继续减少饮酒。为促进学生健康，简 需要改进动机干预措施，以促进维持减少饮酒的状态。本K01概述 PI 成为独立研究员所需的研究和培训经验 重点是制定干预措施，不仅促进饮酒的开始，而且促进饮酒减少的维持 在年轻人中。值得注意的是，PI 将学习创新的、受工程启发的多阶段优化 策略（MOST），它使用析因实验设计来开发高效的干预措施。的 拟议的研究包括三个阶段。首先，系统回顾将检验理论和实证 行为改变维持研究。这将为可能的机制提供建议 改善年轻人饮酒量减少的情况。在接下来的阶段中，所有参与者 将强制学生接受简短的动机干预，提供学习背景 维护增强结构和干预策略。在第二阶段，构建的效用 预测维持将对 475 名强制学生进行检查，并在 1、3 和 6 个月后进行随访。 干预。两个著名的维持模型提出的结构——应对动机、家长-学生 沟通、维持自我效能和恢复自我效能——除了有希望的结构之外 系统审查中确定的，将作为维护轨迹的预测因素进行检查。三、 将制定针对已确定的维护强化结构的干预策略并进行试点 测试了 60 名强制学生的可接受性；将试行专门的家长手册 他们的20名父母中。还将对 80 名指定学生及其他们进行试点优化试验 父母。在析因实验设计中，学生将被随机分配到最多 16 个条件之一。 拟议研究的结果将产生有关促进维持的因素的重要信息 减少饮酒，支持后续拨款申请，以进一步开发维持增强 干预。 PI 将与高技能的指导团队（Kate Carey 博士、Katie Witkiewitz、Linda Collins, Rebecca Spencer）获得以下方面的专业知识：1）维护行为改变理论； 2）干预 发展； 3）大多数； 4）纵向研究的管理与分析； 5）拨款写作。研究 本 K01 中提出的培训活动将培养一名独立研究科学家和重要的 关于维持健康行为改变的科学知识，这是一个尚未研究的课题。

PROJECT SUMMARY College students are at risk for engaging in heavy alcohol use, affecting academic performance and mental and physical health. Brief motivational interventions reduce alcohol use and consequences, but intervention gains decay 3-6 months post-intervention. Mandated college students, who have violated university alcohol policy, are an important intervention target; they drink more, experience more alcohol-related consequences, and are less likely to maintain reduced drinking than typical students. To promote student health, brief motivational interventions need to be improved to promote maintenance of reduced drinking. This K01 outlines the necessary research and training experiences to prepare the PI to become an independent researcher focused on developing interventions that promote not only initiation, but also maintenance of reduced drinking among young adults. Notably, the PI will learn the innovative, engineering-inspired multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), which uses the factorial experimental design to develop highly efficacious interventions. The proposed research consists of three stages. First, a systematic review will examine theories of and empirical research on maintenance of behavior change. This will yield recommendations for mechanisms that are likely to improve maintenance of reduced alcohol use among young adults. In the subsequent stages, all participants will be mandated students who receive a brief motivational intervention, providing a context for studying maintenance-enhancing constructs and intervention strategies. In the second stage, the utility of constructs for predicting maintenance will be examined in 475 mandated students, followed 1-, 3-, and 6-months post- intervention. Constructs proposed by two prominent models of maintenance—coping motives, parent-student communication, maintenance self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy—in addition to promising constructs identified in the systematic review, will be examined as predictors of maintenance trajectories. Third, intervention strategies targeting identified maintenance enhancement constructs will be developed and pilot tested for acceptability among 60 mandated students; a mandated-specific parent handbook will be piloted among 20 of their parents. A pilot optimization trial will also be conducted with 80 mandated students and their parents. Students will be randomly assigned to one of up to 16 conditions in a factorial experimental design. Results of the proposed research will yield important information on the factors that promote maintenance of reduced alcohol use, supporting subsequent grant applications to further develop a maintenance-enhancement intervention. The PI will work with a highly skilled mentoring team (Drs. Kate Carey, Katie Witkiewitz, Linda Collins, Rebecca Spencer) to gain expertise in: 1) maintenance of behavior change theories; 2) intervention development; 3) MOST; 4) management and analysis of longitudinal research; 5) grant writing. The research and training activities proposed in this K01 will produce both an independent research scientist and important scientific knowledge on maintenance of health behavior change, an understudied topic.