HYDRA: Hydrogen Economy Benefits and Risks: Tools Development and Policies Implementation to Mitigate Possible Climate Impacts

氢无疑是人们谈论最多的无碳能源载体。然而，支持氢在能源部门大规模渗透的政策制定者和公民不仅应该意识到氢经济的明显好处，还应该意识到长期氢经济带来的潜在安全和气候风险。HYDRA将从评估氢技术的政策和指令开始，得出H2在市场上的实际渗透率，并评估与生产过程或泄漏有关的氢气和其他气体的大气排放。然后，该项目将模拟社会经济和能源情景，考虑到未来氢经济的部署，土地使用和水消耗。考虑H2与CH4、CO、N2O和O3氧化循环的相互作用以及水汽浓度的可能增加，评估对大气可能产生的影响，最终估算总体辐射强迫。HYDRA还将评估土壤在从大气中去除H2方面的可能贡献。气候预测将模拟氢经济可能引起的气候变化情景，HYDRA将对此作出回应，提出指导方针和缓解行动。最后，由于氢气-空气混合物高度不可燃，氢气泄漏在整个价值链中都是一个严重的安全问题，HYDRA将开发一种远程控制监控工具。HYDRA工具将检测和量化氢气泄漏，以提高氢基技术的安全性，并防止不必要的排放到大气中。监测系统还将能够检测到其他气体的排放，因此也可以考虑到可能的杂质。该监测工具将在一个拥有大规模氢气储存基础设施的设施中进行测试。实验和模拟活动也将有助于更新LCA方法，以评估氢技术的环境影响。

Hydrogen is undoubtely the most talked-about carbon-free energy vector. However, policymakers and citizens that are supporting hydrogen large-scale penetration in the energy sector should not only be aware of the evident benefits but also of potential safety and climatic risks driven by a long term hydrogen-based economy. HYDRA will start from the evaluation of policies and directives on hydrogen technologies to derive the actual penetration rate of H2 in the market, and evaluate atmospheric emissions of hydrogen and other gases linked to production processes or leakages. The project will then model socio-economic and energy scenarios, considering land use and water consumption, due to the future deployment of a hydrogen economy. The possible impact on the atmosphere will be assessed, considering the interaction of H2 with the oxidizing cycles of CH4, CO, N2O, and O3, and the possible increase in water vapor concentrations, finally estimating the overall radiative forcing. HYDRA will also assess the possible contribution of soil in removing H2 from the atmosphere. Climatic projections will simulate possible climate change scenarios caused by the hydrogen economy, to which HYDRA will respond proposing guidlines and mitigation actions. Finally, since hydrogen-air mixes are highly imflammable and H2 leakages can represent a serious safety issue along the whole value chain, HYDRA will develop a remote-control monitoring tool. The HYDRA tool will detect and quantify hydrogen leakages to increase the saefty of hydrogen-based technologies and prevent unecessary emissions to the atmosphere. The monitoring system will also be able to detect emissions of other gases, so that also possible impurities can be taken into account. The monitoring tool will be tested in a facility where a large scale H2 storage infrastructure will be available. Experimental and modeling activities will also be useful to update the LCA methodology in assessing the environmental impact of hydrogen technologies.