Electrochemical POU Water Purification System

项目总结 饮用水中的铅污染是美国普遍存在的健康问题。1儿童尤其 易受铅中毒的影响，这可能会对大脑发育产生永久性的有害影响。 公共水务部门采取的防腐措施，饮用水中的铅浓度是 全国范围内经常升高，估计有1200万条主要服务线路需要更换。 美国环境保护署(EPA)于1991年制定了铅和铜规则，以限制接触 这些元素，并将行动水平设置为15 ppb；然而，没有安全的铅消费水平和 世界各地开始采用更严格的法规。5-8密歇根州弗林特观察到的危机 2014年，铅暴露暴露在公众的聚光灯下，提高了消费者的意识。七年后，Lead 饮用水供应的污染仍然是一个全国性的问题。 目前市场上的铅过滤器缺乏特异性，有限的器件寿命取决于 无论铅浓度如何，水的体积都经过了过滤。现有的家庭净水解决方案是 过时的，过时的。Powertech Water(PTW)的ElectrtraMetTM是一种电化学过滤器，可以针对 铅的去除。该设备使用活性碳电极和小的施加电压(&lt；2.0V)来 在细胞内的碳基阳极和阴极上诱导法拉第反应。通过调谐设备 配置和操作参数，铅将从溶液中析出，并在以下时间永久去除 其他溶解的矿物质不受影响。 在此CRP项目中，PTW的目标是设计符合目标最终用户产品规格的POU设备 和认证标准。在这项工作完成后，我们预计会有一款以消费者为中心的设备 超过当前现成解决方案的性能。该装置将是可靠的，对铅来说是专用的， 具有多年的系统寿命，不会被丰富的水成分消耗。这些 将通过以下具体目标实现业绩目标： 1.POU解决方案的产品外形系数设计。预期结果：一个适合水槽下面的设计 符合产品规格，包括整体设备尺寸、耐压性、价位和引线去除 性能。 2.复制检测标准，以获得饮用水过滤认证。预期结果： Electric MetTM的性能符合NSF/ANSI 53和61铅去除认证标准和 结构完整性。 3.测试POU安装以模拟真实场景。预期结果：运行参数 在不同的用水场景下去除铅所需的，以及一种跟踪设备寿命的方法 预测过滤器更换。

PROJECT SUMMARY Lead contamination in drinking water is a pervasive health problem across the US.1 Children are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can have permanent detrimental effects on brain development.2,3 Despite corrosion prevention measures taken by public water authorities, lead concentrations in drinking water are routinely elevated nationwide, and an estimated 12 million lead services lines are in need of replacement.4 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established The Lead and Copper Rule in 1991 to limit exposure of these elements and set the action level to 15 ppb; however, there is no safe level of lead consumption and more stringent regulations are starting to be adopted around the world.5-8 The crisis observed in Flint, Michigan in 2014 put lead exposure into the public spotlight increasing consumer awareness. Seven years later, lead contamination of drinking water supplies remains a national issue. Lead filters currently on the market lack specificity with limited device lifetime dictated by the total amount of water volume filtered, regardless of lead concentration. Incumbent solutions for home water purification are archaic and outdated. ElectraMetTM from PowerTech Water (PTW) is an electrochemical filter that can target the removal of lead. The device uses activated carbon electrodes and a small applied voltage (< 2.0 V) to induce Faradaic reactions at both the carbon-based anodes and cathodes within the cell. By tuning the device configuration and operating parameters, lead will precipitate out of solution, and be permanently removed while other dissolved minerals are left unaffected. In this CRP project, PTW's goal is to design a POU device that meets target end-use product specifications and certification standards. At the completion of this work, we anticipate a consumer-focused device that exceeds the performance of current off-the-shelf solutions. The device will be reliable and specific for lead, have a multi-year system lifetime, and will not be consumed by abundant water constituents. These performance targets will be achieved through the following Specific Aims: 1. Product form factor design for a POU solution. Expected outcome: A design that fits under the sink and meets product specifications for the overall device size, pressure tolerance, price point, and lead removal performance. 2. Replication of testing standards to obtain drinking water filtration certifications. Expected Outcome: ElectraMetTM performance to meet NSF/ANSI 53 and 61 certification standards for lead removal and structural integrity. 3. Testing of a POU installation to simulate a real-world scenario. Expected Outcomes: Operating parameters required for lead removal under different water usage scenarios and a method to track device lifetime to predict filter replacement.