Anode Modification to Target Pb Removal for Drinking Water Purification using Inverted Capacitive Deionization

项目摘要/摘要 电力技术水务(PTW)打算演示使用反向电容去离子(I-CDI)技术来 目标是去除饮用水中的重金属，特别是铅。重金属，如铅和 由于管道和管件的腐蚀，铜可以进入供水系统，污染饮用水。 美国环境保护署(EPA)于1991年制定了铅和铜规则，以限制接触 这些元素并将铅和铜的作用水平分别设定为0.015 ppm(15 Ppb)和1.3ppm。这水 去年发生在密歇根州弗林特的危机是一个不幸的案例，表明确保铅是多么重要 低于饮用水中的作用水平。 除铅的使用点(POU)解决方案包括化学沉淀法、凝固法、离子交换法和反转法 渗透(RO)，所有这些都有艰难的再生步骤和/或需要昂贵的维护来更换材料。 PTW的解决方案提供了一种低成本、低维护、可逆吸附技术，可以定向去除金属。 更具体地说，使用独特的表面化学反应来赋予碳阳极选择性，金属可以可逆地 使用PTW专利的I-CDI过程从溶液中吸附和解吸，该过程提供稳定性和pH控制 手术。 这项第一阶段拨款申请的具体目的包括： 1.用软碱配体演示碳基阳极的官能化以诱导特异性 金属吸附。 2.确定自来水中保持吸附选择性所允许的最低金属浓度 &gt；50%，高于非金属、二价离子。

Project Summary/Abstract PowerTech Water (PTW) intends to demonstrate the use of inverted capacitive deionzation (i-CDI) technology to target the removal of heavy metals, lead (Pb) in particular, from drinking water. Heavy metals such as lead and copper can enter the water distribution system due to corrosion of pipes and fittings, contaminating drinking water. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established The Lead and Copper Rule in 1991 to limit exposure of these elements and set action levels to 0.015 ppm (15 ppb) and 1.3 ppm for lead and copper, respectively. The water crisis that occurred in Flint, Michigan, last year is an unfortunate case that shows how important it is to ensure lead is below the action level in drinking water. Point-of-use (POU) solutions for lead removal include chemical precipitation, coagulation, ion-exchange, and reverse osmosis (RO), all of which have arduous regeneration steps and/or require costly maintenance to replace materials. PTW's solution offers a low-cost, low-maintenance, reversible adsorption technology that can target metals removal. More specifically, using unique surface chemistries to impart selectivity to the carbon anode, metals can reversibly adsorb and desorb from solution using PTW's patented i-CDI process that provides stability and pH control during operation. The specific aims of this Phase I grant application include: 1. Demonstrating functionalization of carbon-based anodes with soft base ligands to induce specificity for metals adsorption. 2. Determining the minimum metal concentration, in tap water, allowed to maintain an adsorption selectivity >50% over non-metal, divalent ions.