Time restricted feeding versus daily calorie restriction: Effect on body weight, metabolic risk, and the gut microbiome

时间限制喂养与每日热量限制：对体重、代谢风险和肠道微生物组的影响

• 批准号: 10488263
• 负责人: Krista Amy Varady
• 金额: $ 65.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-14 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10488263
• 关键词: Adherence; American; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Caloric Restriction; Calories; Clinical; Closure by clamp; Consumption; Control Groups; Desire for food; Development; Diet; Eating; Energy Intake; Fasting; Food; Frustration; Glucose Clamp; Hormonal; Hormones; Hour; Human; Hunger; Individual; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Intervention; Investigation; LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins; Life Style; Lipids; Maintenance; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Methods; Monitor; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nonpharmacologic Therapy; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Participant; Peptides; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Population Group; Prediabetes syndrome; Randomized; Regimen; Risk; Side; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Testing; Time; Time-restricted feeding; Triglycerides; Weight; Weight maintenance regimen; adult obesity; arm; clinically significant; dietary adherence; dieting; disorder risk; experience; ghrelin; glucagon-like peptide 1; gut microbiome; gut microbiota; improved; inflammatory marker; innovation; insulin sensitivity; microbiome; weight loss intervention; weight maintenance

Project Summary/ Abstract Background: Time restricted feeding (TRF) has greatly increased in popularity in recent years. TRF typically involves confining the eating window to 6-8 h, and fasting for the remaining hours of the day. During the eating window, individuals are not required to monitor energy intake. One of the reasons why TRF is so popular, is because it does not require individuals to count calories in order to lose weight. This feature of TRF may greatly improve long-term adherence to this diet, and in turn produce lasting weight control. Despite its growing popularity, only four human trials have examined the effect of TRF on body weight. While these preliminary studies show promise for TRF as a weight loss intervention, these previous trials are limited by short duration (2-4 months), lack of a control group, and no comparison to traditional dieting (daily calorie restriction; CR). We recently conducted a pilot study to compare the weight loss efficacy of 6-h TRF versus daily CR in adults with obesity and prediabetes. Our findings show that TRF produced greater adherence, energy restriction, and weight loss (-5%) versus CR (-3%) over 3 months. TRF also produced more pronounced reductions in insulin resistance, blood pressure, and oxidative stress, versus CR. What remains unknown, however, is whether these improvements by TRF would become more pronounced over longer periods of time (12-months), and if TRF can be implemented to help individuals maintain weight loss and sustain reductions in metabolic disease risk. The mechanisms (microbiome, appetite, gut peptides) that underlie the superior effects of TRF on body weight and adherence, also remain unknown. Methods: A 12-month randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial, divided into: (1) 6-month weight loss period; and (2) 6-month maintenance period, will be implemented. Adults with obesity and prediabetes (n = 120) will be randomized to 1 of 3 groups: (1) 6h-TRF (n = 40) ad libitum food intake from 1-7 pm, fasting from 7-1pm daily, (2) CR (n = 40), 25% energy restriction daily; or 3) control (n = 40), ad libitum food intake daily. Hypotheses: The present proposal will test the following hypotheses: (Hyp1) The TRF group will be more adherent with the intervention versus CR, which will result in greater energy restriction, weight loss and weight loss maintenance; (Hyp2) The TRF group will experience greater improvements in insulin sensitivity (measured by clamp), plasma lipids, blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress versus CR; (Hyp3) The TRF group will produce greater improvements in the composition, structure, and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, as well as in appetite and gut peptides, vs CR, which will be related to superior adherence and weight loss. Significance: This study will be the first to show that TRF can be implemented as an alternative to traditional dieting (i.e. daily calorie restriction) for long-term weight management. This study will also show that TRF can be used as an effective non-pharmacological therapy to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease metabolic disease risk in individuals with prediabetes and obesity. The mechanisms (gut microbiome and appetite) that underlie the beneficial effects of TRF will also be elucidated.

项目摘要/摘要 背景：近年来受到时间限制的喂养（TRF）大大增加。 trf通常 涉及将饮食窗口限制在6-8小时，并在一天中剩余的几个小时内禁食。在进食期间 窗口，不需要个人监视能量摄入。 TRF如此受欢迎的原因之一是 因为它不需要个人计算卡路里以减肥。 TRF的此功能可能 大大提高了对这种饮食的长期依从性，进而产生持久的体重控制。尽管它增长了 受欢迎程度，只有四项人类试验检查了TRF对体重的影响。而这些初步 研究表明，TRF作为减肥干预的希望，这些先前的试验受持续时间短的限制 （2-4个月），缺乏对照组，与传统节食没有比较（每日卡路里限制； CR）。 我们最近进行了一项试点研究，以比较成人6小时TRF与每日CR的体重减轻疗效 肥胖和前糖尿病。我们的发现表明，TRF产生了更大的依从性，能量限制和 体重减轻（-5％）比CR（-3％）在3个月内。 TRF还产生了更明显的胰岛素减少 与CR相比，抗性，血压和氧化应激。但是，未知的是是否是 TRF的这些改进将在更长的时间内变得更加明显（12个月），如果 可以实施TRF以帮助个人维持体重减轻并维持代谢疾病的减少 风险。 TRF对人体的出色作用的机理（微生物组，食欲，肠肽） 体重和依从性，也是未知的。方法：一个12个月的随机，受控，平行臂试验， 分为：（1）6个月的减肥期； （2）将实施6个月的维护期。成年人 肥胖和糖尿病前（n = 120）将随机分为3组中的1个：（1）6H-TRF（n = 40）繁殖食物 从下午1-7点开始摄入，每天7-1pm禁食，（2）CR（n = 40），每天25％的能量限制；或3）控制（n = 40），每天随意食物摄入。假设：本提案将检验以下假设：（HYP1） TRF组将更加坚持干预措施与CR，这将导致更大的能量 限制，体重减轻和减肥维持； （HYP2）TRF组将体验更大 胰岛素敏感性的改善（通过夹具测量），血浆脂质，血压，炎症和 氧化应激与CR； （HYP3）TRF组将在组成方面产生更大的改善， 肠道菌群的结构和代谢活性，以及​​在食欲和肠道肽中，与CR 与较高的依从性和体重减轻有关。意义：这项研究将是第一个表明TRF的研究 可以实施长期体重的传统节食（即每日卡路里限制）的替代 管理。这项研究还将表明，TRF可以用作有效的非药理疗法 提高胰岛素敏感性并降低糖尿病前和肥胖患者的代谢疾病风险。这 TRF的有益作用的基础的机制（肠道微生物组和食欲）也将得到阐明。