RadioForegrounds+: Unveiling the complexity of radio foregrounds for the detectability of the CMB polarization B-mode

宇宙学中的主要挑战之一是检测CMB偏振的原始B模式，这将构成宇宙暴胀时期的确认。然而，不同污染物的存在，主要来自我们自己的银河系的排放，构成了可靠地限制B模式存在的主要限制因素之一。事实上，未来CMB偏振实验的成功在于改善对前景排放的理解和去除能力。RadioForegrounds+将提供来自我们银河系的偏振无线电发射的高度复杂特性的最新描述，特别是同步加速器和异常微波发射，以及无线电源的人口。它还将提供强度信号的前所未有的全面描述。这一目标只有结合欧空局的普朗克卫星地图才能实现（30- 857 GHz），本提案中考虑了独特的低频实验：吉诃德（10-40 GHz）、C-BASS（5 GHz）和S-PASS（2.3千兆赫），通过在联合体内部与专家一起计算以前的数据集，（包括负责QUIJOTE和C-BASS的团队）并使用最先进的分析技术。这些数据集的结合将提供高水平的数据产品，从更完整的无线电目录，包括较暗的源和额外的频率覆盖范围，到更广泛的天空区域的新的组件分离地图。这些新的数据产品和模型将通过广泛使用的平台提供给科学界，增加科学回报和项目的影响。我们还将提供预测的影响，无线电前景的B-模式的偏振的可探测性为未来的CMB实验。由此产生的分析将在准备和支持未来的国际CMB任务（如LiteBIRD）或地面工作（如CMB-S4）方面发挥关键作用。

One of the main challenges in Cosmology is the detection of the primordial B-mode of CMB polarization, which would constitute a confirmation of the inflationary period of the Universe. However, the presence of different contaminants, mainly coming from the emissions of our own Galaxy, constitutes one of the major limiting factors to constrain reliably the existence of the B-modes. Indeed, the success of future CMB polarization experiments lies in the improved understanding and removal capability of foreground emissions. RadioForegrounds+ will provide a state-of-the art description of the highly complex properties of the polarised radio emission from our Galaxy, in particular the synchrotron and the anomalous microwave emissions, as well as of the population of radio sources. It will also provide an unprecedentedly thorough description of the intensity signal. This goal can only be achieved by combining the ESA’s Planck satellite maps (30-857GHz) with the unique low frequency experiments considered in this proposal: QUIJOTE (10-40 GHz), C-BASS (5 GHz) and S-PASS (2.3 GHz), by counting within the consortium with experts on the previous data sets (including the teams responsible for QUIJOTE and C-BASS) and by using the most advanced analysis techniques. The combination of these datasets will provide highlevel data products, that will range from more complete radio catalogues, including fainter sources and additional frequency coverage, to new component separated maps in wider regions of the sky. These new data products and models will be made available to the scientific community through widely-used platforms, increasing the scientific return and the impact of the project. We will also provide forecasts of the impact of radio foregrounds on the detectability of the B-mode of polarization for future CMB experiments. The resulting analyses will play a key role in preparing and supporting future international CMB missions as LiteBIRD or ground-based efforts as CMB-S4.