RadioForegrounds+: Unveiling the complexity of radio foregrounds for the detectability of the CMB polarization B-mode

宇宙学的主要挑战之一是探测CMB偏振的原始b模式，这将构成对宇宙暴胀期的确认。然而，不同污染物的存在，主要来自我们银河系的辐射，构成了可靠地限制b模式存在的主要限制因素之一。事实上，未来微波背景偏振实验的成功在于对前景辐射的理解和去除能力的提高。RadioForegrounds+将提供对我们银河系极化射电发射的高度复杂特性的最新描述，特别是同步加速器和异常微波发射，以及射电源的数量。它还将对强度信号提供前所未有的全面描述。这一目标只能通过将欧空局的普朗克卫星地图（30-857GHz）与本提案中考虑的独特低频实验(QUIJOTE （10-40 GHz), C-BASS （5 GHz）和S-PASS (2.3 GHz)）结合起来，通过与先前数据集（包括负责QUIJOTE和C-BASS的团队）的专家进行联盟计算，并使用最先进的分析技术来实现。这些数据集的组合将提供高水平的数据产品，其范围将从更完整的射电目录（包括更微弱的来源和额外的频率覆盖范围）到更广泛天空区域的新成分分离图。这些新的数据产品和模型将通过广泛使用的平台提供给科学界，增加科学回报和项目的影响。我们还将为未来的CMB实验提供无线电前景对b模式偏振可探测性的影响预测。由此产生的分析将在准备和支持未来的国际CMB任务（如LiteBIRD）或地面工作（如CMB- s4）中发挥关键作用。

One of the main challenges in Cosmology is the detection of the primordial B-mode of CMB polarization, which would constitute a confirmation of the inflationary period of the Universe. However, the presence of different contaminants, mainly coming from the emissions of our own Galaxy, constitutes one of the major limiting factors to constrain reliably the existence of the B-modes. Indeed, the success of future CMB polarization experiments lies in the improved understanding and removal capability of foreground emissions. RadioForegrounds+ will provide a state-of-the art description of the highly complex properties of the polarised radio emission from our Galaxy, in particular the synchrotron and the anomalous microwave emissions, as well as of the population of radio sources. It will also provide an unprecedentedly thorough description of the intensity signal. This goal can only be achieved by combining the ESA’s Planck satellite maps (30-857GHz) with the unique low frequency experiments considered in this proposal: QUIJOTE (10-40 GHz), C-BASS (5 GHz) and S-PASS (2.3 GHz), by counting within the consortium with experts on the previous data sets (including the teams responsible for QUIJOTE and C-BASS) and by using the most advanced analysis techniques. The combination of these datasets will provide highlevel data products, that will range from more complete radio catalogues, including fainter sources and additional frequency coverage, to new component separated maps in wider regions of the sky. These new data products and models will be made available to the scientific community through widely-used platforms, increasing the scientific return and the impact of the project. We will also provide forecasts of the impact of radio foregrounds on the detectability of the B-mode of polarization for future CMB experiments. The resulting analyses will play a key role in preparing and supporting future international CMB missions as LiteBIRD or ground-based efforts as CMB-S4.