Elucidating biophysical mechanisms for force sensing and control using non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and AI

非平衡活性对于维持和调节组织形状、发育和生长至关重要。 形态发生、溶酶体动力学、细胞分裂或膜融合过程中的细胞膜重塑 裂变事件。重要的是，这些过程中有许多在人类健康方面发挥着重要作用， 调节例如免疫系统功能并确保准确的发育形态发生。 然而，在我们对微观非平衡生物物理学的理解方面存在重大差距。 驱动力产生所需的分子响应、功能或控制。虽然理论上 并且用于研究平衡生物过程的计算框架非常发达， 用于研究复杂的远离平衡的生物系统的类似工具非常有限。 此外，生物系统和过程的大的长度和时间尺度使得明确的计算性成为可能。 模拟不切实际。 解决这一问题需要发展一系列多尺度非平衡统计 机械技术与机器学习和人工智能工具相结合， 与上述生物过程相关的大的长度和时间尺度可以 适当地捕捉。本提案中概述的工作通过以下方式为实现这些长期目标而努力： 1）理解和预测非平衡溶酶体 动力学和形态学2）理解和模拟细胞骨架过程， 发展模式，细胞间通讯和力量生成3）发展框架， 从单细胞RNA测序数据确定细胞命运和分化的驱动因素。这一切成功都 典型的例子对疾病有影响。这些典型的例子建立在最近的 基础非平衡统计力学框架，并扩展它们 这样它们就可以在生物学背景下使用。

Non-equilibrium activity is crucial for maintain and modulating tissue shape, development and morphogenesis, lysosome dynamics, cell membrane remodeling during cell division or membrane fusion and fission events. Importantly many of these processes play a significant role in human health helping regulate for instance immune system function and ensuring accurate developmental morphogenesis. However, there is a major gap in our understanding of how microscopic non-equilibrium biophysical driving forces give rise to a desired molecular response, function, or control. Indeed, while the theoretical and computational frameworks for the study of equilibrium biological processes are very well developed, there are very limited analogous tools for the study of complex far-from-equilibrium biological systems. Further, the large length and time scales of biological systems and processes make explicit computational simulations impractical. Addressing this problem requires the development of a range of multiscale non-equilibrium statistical mechanics techniques in combination with tools from machine learning and artificial intelligence so that the large length and time scales associated with the above-mentioned biological processes can be appropriately captured. The work outlined in this proposal builds towards these long-term goals by focusing on three paradigmatic example systems 1) Understanding and predicting non-equilibrium lysosomal dynamics and morphologies 2) Understanding and modelling cytoskeletal processes responsible for developmental patterning, cell-cell communication, and force generation 3) Developing frameworks for determining drivers of cell fate and differentiation from single cell RNA sequencing data. Each of these paradigmatic examples has implications for diseases. These paradigmatic examples build on the recent foundational non-equilibrium statistical mechanics frameworks developed by my group and expand them so that they can be utilized in biological contexts.