Insights into pancreatic beta-cell development from a novel mouse model of neonatal diabetes

项目摘要 糖尿病是全球死亡率和发病率的主要原因，具有多基因（例如，类型1和类型2）和 单基因的（例如，新生儿糖尿病（NDM））的原因。识别潜在的个体突变 NDM有助于了解人类胰腺β细胞的发育和功能， 推进糖尿病精准医疗。然而，目前的糖尿病治疗，包括胰岛素治疗和 口服药物不能治愈糖尿病，也不能消除日常糖尿病管理的需要。因此， 迫切需要改进对所有形式糖尿病的诊断和靶向治疗，包括干细胞糖尿病， 细胞替代策略，以改善患者的生活质量并减少继发性并发症。这 这项提案将研究一种新的胰腺发育基因（Gins 4）在胰腺癌发病机制中的作用。 单基因（NDM）和2型糖尿病小鼠和人类。研究培训计划将利用鼠标 和人类遗传学，体外干细胞分化，转录组学和表观基因组学，以检查的作用， Gins 4在胰腺发育中。这个项目的独特定位是将最先进的方法 在体内和体外胰岛生物学，干细胞分化，和生物信息学。在目标1中，申请人Dr. Jennifer Ikle将与导师安娜Gloyn博士一起培训体外干细胞模型，基因编辑技术， 发育中的内分泌细胞的转录组学分析。在目标2中，Ikle博士将训练蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用 和表观基因组学通过直接观察Gins 4及其结合之间的蛋白质和DNA相互作用 伙伴在目标3中，Ikle博士将通过评估人类遗传学和转化研究的潜力， GINS 4在人类新生儿和2型糖尿病发病机制中的作用。Ikle博士在以下方面接受过适当的培训： 胚胎发育，遗传学和胰岛生物学，多个第一作者出版物和演示文稿。 职业发展计划是量身定制的，使博士Ikle获得新的实验技能和概念， 干细胞生物学，基因编辑，转录组学和表观基因组学，以及通过实践和 课程作业导师安娜·戈恩博士是糖尿病遗传学、功能基因组学和胰岛细胞 生物学共同导师Seung Kim博士（胰岛发育）和顾问Louis Philipson博士（单基因 糖尿病），洛里Sussel博士（胰腺胚胎学）和朱莉Sneddon博士（胰腺干细胞生物学）。的 斯坦福大学的环境，包括NIH支持的斯坦福大学糖尿病研究中心（主任：Seung博士 Kim）和妇幼保健研究所，是一个合作和 创新研究。世界级的核心设施位于充满活力的硅谷中心。总的来说， 强大的指导、环境和培训计划预计将使Ikle博士为推出她做好充分准备 独立从事糖尿病遗传学研究。拟议的研究承诺提供机械的见解， 胰岛的胚胎发育有可能提供机会， 精准医学和人类β细胞发育的体外干细胞方案。

PROJECT SUMMARY Diabetes, a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, has both polygenic (e.g., type 1 and type 2) and monogenic (e.g., neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM)) causes. Identification of individual mutations underlying NDM has been instrumental in understanding pancreatic β-cell development and function in humans and for advancing precision medicine in diabetes. However, current diabetes treatments, including insulin therapy and oral medications, are not cures and do not remove the need for daily diabetes management. As such, there is a critical need for both improved diagnostics and targeted treatments for all forms of diabetes, including stem- cell replacements strategies, to improve patient quality of life and reduce secondary complications. This proposal will investigate the roles of a novel pancreatic development gene (Gins4) in the pathogenesis of monogenic (NDM) and type 2 diabetes in mice and humans. The Research Training Plan will leverage mouse and human genetics, in vitro stem cell differentiation, transcriptomics, and epigenomics to examine the role of Gins4 in pancreatic development. This project is uniquely positioned to couple state-of-the-art methodologies in in vivo and in vitro islet biology, stem cell differentiation, and bioinformatics. In Aim 1, the applicant, Dr. Jennifer Ikle, will train with mentor Dr. Anna Gloyn in in vitro stem cell models, gene editing techniques, and transcriptomic analyses of developing endocrine cells. In Aim 2, Dr. Ikle will train in protein-protein interactions and epigenomics by looking directly at both the protein and DNA interactions between Gins4 and its bindings partners. In Aim 3, Dr. Ikle will train in human genetics and translational research by assessing the potential for a role of GINS4 in both human neonatal and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Dr. Ikle has suitable prior training in embryonic development, genetics, and islet biology, with multiple first-author publications and presentations. The Career Development Plan is tailored to enable Dr. Ikle to gain new experimental skills and concepts in stem cell biology, gene editing, transcriptomics and epigenomics, as well as career skills through practice and coursework. Mentor Dr. Anna Gloyn is a leading expert in diabetes genetics, functional genomics, and islet-cell biology. Co-mentor Dr. Seung Kim (pancreatic islet development) and advisors Dr. Louis Philipson (monogenic diabetes), Dr. Lori Sussel (pancreatic embryology), and Dr. Julie Sneddon (pancreatic stem cell biology). The Environment at Stanford, including the NIH supported Stanford Diabetes Research Center (director: Dr. Seung Kim) and the Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, is an outstanding setting for collaborative and innovative research. World-class core facilities are available in the heart of vibrant silicon valley. In summary, the strong mentoring, environment, and training plan are anticipated to fully prepare Dr. Ikle to launch her independent career in diabetes genetics. The proposed studies promise to offer mechanistic insights into embryonic development of pancreatic islets which has the potential to provide opportunities to both improve precision medicine and in vitro stem-cell protocols for human beta-cell development.