Estimating acute impacts of unconventional oil and gas development on cause-specific hospitalization via satellite-based exposure assessment

项目概要 非常规石油和天然气开发（UOGD）的陆上扩张被认为是一种新兴的 由于其在美国农村社区的不成比例扩散和潜在的环境健康问题 影响 2300 万附近居民的健康。然而，暴露评估中存在两个关键差距 限制了之前的研究获得关于急性健康影响的严格且可操作的证据 UOGD 建设阶段。首先，当前的暴露评估过于粗略，无法准确捕捉 暴露的短期变化。由于缺乏详细的施工记录，调查人员不得不估算 大多数油井的施工时间表基于有问题的假设，这可能会导致 错误分类。其次，之前的大规模观察性研究都没有量化特定的暴露程度。 UOGD 来源的污染物。相反，调查人员开发了各种替代品，这些替代品代表了住宅 暴露于辅助因素的作用（例如，距 UOGD 井的距离）。这些暴露替代品不 解释 UOGD 来源污染物在周围环境中的不同迁移和归宿，因此无法 表明具体的暴露途径。此外，因果推理为 混杂因素尚未广泛用于估计 UOGD 对健康的影响。该提案的目标是 基于改进的卫星曝光研究 UOGD 结构对健康的急性影响 评估。在K99阶段，我将利用最近多次获得的高分辨率图像 发射卫星，包括Sentinel-1、Sentinel-2、Dove卫星，自动检测日常 UOGD 井施工阶段（目标 1）。将使用多种最先进的因果推理方法 评估每个 UOGD 建设阶段对特定原因住院风险的急性影响 医疗保险受益人基于新的暴露评估（目标 2）。在 R00 阶段，我将制定和 根据 UOGD 井附近空气污染物的每日浓度验证新的暴露指标，这些指标是 由 Sentinel 5P (Aim3) 观察。最后，我将探讨 UOGD 相关空气污染物在多大程度上介导 UOGD 施工阶段（目标 4）的任何影响。预期成果是 1) 一个开源软件 从遥感图像中检测 UOGD 相关活动； 2) UOGD相关空气的暴露指标 污染物； 3）UOGD建设的急性因果健康影响。曝光数据将公开 可用于推进该领域。

Project summary Onshore expansion of Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) is considered an emerging environmental health issue due to its disproportional proliferation in rural U.S communities and the potential health impacts on 23 million nearby residents. However, two critical gaps in exposure assessment have restricted previous studies from achieving rigorous and actionable evidence regarding the acute health effects of UOGD construction stages. First, current exposure assessments were too coarse to accurately capture the short-term variability in exposure. Due to a lack of detailed construction records, investigators had to impute construction timelines for most wells based on questionable assumptions, which likely introduce misclassification. Second, none of prior large-scale observational studies has quantified exposure to specific UOGD-sourced pollutant. Investigators instead have developed various surrogates, which proxy residential exposure with functions of auxiliary factors (e.g., distance to UOGD wells). These exposure surrogates do not account for the different transports and fates of UOGD-sourced pollutants in ambient environment, thus cannot indicate specific exposure pathway(s). Furthermore, causal inference, which provide a rigorous adjustment for confounding, have not been widely used in estimating UOGD’s health effects. The objective of this proposal is to investigate the acute health effects of UOGD constructions based on improved satellite-based exposure assessment. In the K99 phase, I will take advantage of high-resolution images obtained by multiple recently launched satellites, including Sentinel-1s, Sentinel-2s, and Dove satellites to automatically detect the daily construction stage of UOGD wells (Aim 1). Multiple state-of-art causal inferential methods will be used to estimate the acute effects of each UOGD construction stage on the risk of cause-specific hospitalization in Medicare beneficiaries based on the new exposure assessment (Aim 2).In the R00 phase, I will develop and validate new exposure metrics based on the daily concentrations of air pollutants near UOGD wells, which are observed by Sentinel 5P (Aim3). Finally, I will explore the extent to which UOGD-related air pollutants mediate any effect of UOGD construction stages (Aim4). The expected outcomes are 1) an open-source software to detect UOGD-related activities from remote sensing images; 2) exposure metrics for UOGD-related air pollutants; 3) acute causal health effects of UOGD construction. The exposure data will be made public available to advance the field.