Estimating acute impacts of unconventional oil and gas development on cause-specific hospitalization via satellite-based exposure assessment

项目总结 非常规油气开发(UOGD)的陆上扩张被认为是一种新兴的 因其在美国农村社区不成比例地扩散而引起的环境健康问题及其潜在的 对附近2300万居民的健康影响。然而，暴露评估中的两个关键差距 限制了以前的研究获得关于急性健康影响的严格和可操作的证据 UOGD施工阶段。首先，目前的暴露评估过于粗糙，无法准确反映 暴露的短期可变性。由于缺乏详细的施工记录，调查人员不得不将 大多数油井的施工时间表基于有问题的假设，这可能会导致 分类错误。其次，之前的大规模观察性研究中没有一项量化暴露于特定的 来自UOGD的污染物。取而代之的是，调查人员开发了各种代理人，这些代理人代表住宅 在辅助因素作用下的暴露(例如，到UOGD井的距离)。这些暴露代用品不会 考虑到UOGD源污染物在周围环境中的不同迁移和归宿，因此不能 指明具体的接触途径(S)。此外，因果推理提供了严格的调整 混杂，还没有被广泛用于估计UOGD的健康影响。这项提议的目标是 调查基于改进的卫星暴露的UOGD建筑对健康的急性影响 评估。在K99阶段，我将利用多个最近获得的高分辨率图像 发射的卫星包括哨兵一号、哨兵二号和鸽子卫星，以自动检测每日 UOGD井施工阶段(目标1)。将使用多种最先进的因果推理方法来 估计每个UOGD建设阶段对年内特定原因住院风险的急性影响 基于新的暴露评估(目标2)的医疗保险受益人。在R00阶段，我将制定和 根据UOGD井附近的空气污染物日浓度验证新的暴露指标，这些指标包括 由哨兵5P(Aim3)观察。最后，我将探讨与UOGD相关的空气污染物在多大程度上 UOGD施工阶段的任何影响(Aim4)。预期的结果是1)一个开源软件来 从遥感图像中检测与UOGD相关的活动；2)与UOGD相关的空气暴露指标 污染物；3)UOGD建设的急性因果健康影响。暴露数据将公之于众 可以推动这一领域的发展。

Project summary Onshore expansion of Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) is considered an emerging environmental health issue due to its disproportional proliferation in rural U.S communities and the potential health impacts on 23 million nearby residents. However, two critical gaps in exposure assessment have restricted previous studies from achieving rigorous and actionable evidence regarding the acute health effects of UOGD construction stages. First, current exposure assessments were too coarse to accurately capture the short-term variability in exposure. Due to a lack of detailed construction records, investigators had to impute construction timelines for most wells based on questionable assumptions, which likely introduce misclassification. Second, none of prior large-scale observational studies has quantified exposure to specific UOGD-sourced pollutant. Investigators instead have developed various surrogates, which proxy residential exposure with functions of auxiliary factors (e.g., distance to UOGD wells). These exposure surrogates do not account for the different transports and fates of UOGD-sourced pollutants in ambient environment, thus cannot indicate specific exposure pathway(s). Furthermore, causal inference, which provide a rigorous adjustment for confounding, have not been widely used in estimating UOGD’s health effects. The objective of this proposal is to investigate the acute health effects of UOGD constructions based on improved satellite-based exposure assessment. In the K99 phase, I will take advantage of high-resolution images obtained by multiple recently launched satellites, including Sentinel-1s, Sentinel-2s, and Dove satellites to automatically detect the daily construction stage of UOGD wells (Aim 1). Multiple state-of-art causal inferential methods will be used to estimate the acute effects of each UOGD construction stage on the risk of cause-specific hospitalization in Medicare beneficiaries based on the new exposure assessment (Aim 2).In the R00 phase, I will develop and validate new exposure metrics based on the daily concentrations of air pollutants near UOGD wells, which are observed by Sentinel 5P (Aim3). Finally, I will explore the extent to which UOGD-related air pollutants mediate any effect of UOGD construction stages (Aim4). The expected outcomes are 1) an open-source software to detect UOGD-related activities from remote sensing images; 2) exposure metrics for UOGD-related air pollutants; 3) acute causal health effects of UOGD construction. The exposure data will be made public available to advance the field.