Estimating acute impacts of unconventional oil and gas development on cause-specific hospitalization via satellite-based exposure assessment

项目摘要 非常规油气开发（UOGD）的陆上扩张被认为是一种新兴的 环境健康问题，由于其在美国农村社区的不成比例的扩散和潜在的 对附近2300万居民的健康造成影响。然而，暴露评估中的两个关键差距 限制了以前的研究获得关于急性健康影响的严格和可操作的证据 UOGD建设阶段。首先，目前的暴露评估过于粗略，无法准确捕捉 暴露的短期可变性。由于缺乏详细的施工记录，调查人员不得不将 大多数威尔斯井的施工时间表基于可疑的假设，这可能会引入 分类错误其次，之前的大规模观察性研究都没有量化暴露于特定的 UOGD来源的污染物。相反，调查人员开发了各种替代品， 具有辅助因子的函数的曝光（例如，到UOGD威尔斯井的距离）。这些暴露替代物不 解释了UOGD源污染物在环境中的不同传输和归宿，因此不能 表明具体接触途径。此外，因果推理，这提供了一个严格的调整， 混杂，尚未被广泛用于估计UOGD的健康影响。本提案的目的是 根据改进的卫星照射，调查UOGD建筑对健康的急性影响 考核在K99阶段，我将利用多个最近获得的高分辨率图像， 发射的卫星，包括哨兵-1，哨兵-2和鸽子卫星，以自动检测每日 UOGD威尔斯井施工阶段（目标1）。多种最先进的因果推理方法将被用来 估计每个UOGD建设阶段对特定原因住院风险的急性影响， 在R 00阶段，我将制定并 根据UOGD威尔斯井附近空气污染物的日浓度，验证新的暴露指标， Sentinel 5P（Aim3）最后，我将探讨UOGD相关的空气污染物介导的程度 UOGD施工阶段的任何影响（AIM 4）。预期的成果是1）一个开源软件， 从遥感图像中检测与UOGD相关的活动; 2）与UOGD相关的空气暴露度量 污染物; 3）UOGD建设的急性因果健康影响。暴露数据将被公开 可用于推进该领域。

Project summary Onshore expansion of Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) is considered an emerging environmental health issue due to its disproportional proliferation in rural U.S communities and the potential health impacts on 23 million nearby residents. However, two critical gaps in exposure assessment have restricted previous studies from achieving rigorous and actionable evidence regarding the acute health effects of UOGD construction stages. First, current exposure assessments were too coarse to accurately capture the short-term variability in exposure. Due to a lack of detailed construction records, investigators had to impute construction timelines for most wells based on questionable assumptions, which likely introduce misclassification. Second, none of prior large-scale observational studies has quantified exposure to specific UOGD-sourced pollutant. Investigators instead have developed various surrogates, which proxy residential exposure with functions of auxiliary factors (e.g., distance to UOGD wells). These exposure surrogates do not account for the different transports and fates of UOGD-sourced pollutants in ambient environment, thus cannot indicate specific exposure pathway(s). Furthermore, causal inference, which provide a rigorous adjustment for confounding, have not been widely used in estimating UOGD’s health effects. The objective of this proposal is to investigate the acute health effects of UOGD constructions based on improved satellite-based exposure assessment. In the K99 phase, I will take advantage of high-resolution images obtained by multiple recently launched satellites, including Sentinel-1s, Sentinel-2s, and Dove satellites to automatically detect the daily construction stage of UOGD wells (Aim 1). Multiple state-of-art causal inferential methods will be used to estimate the acute effects of each UOGD construction stage on the risk of cause-specific hospitalization in Medicare beneficiaries based on the new exposure assessment (Aim 2).In the R00 phase, I will develop and validate new exposure metrics based on the daily concentrations of air pollutants near UOGD wells, which are observed by Sentinel 5P (Aim3). Finally, I will explore the extent to which UOGD-related air pollutants mediate any effect of UOGD construction stages (Aim4). The expected outcomes are 1) an open-source software to detect UOGD-related activities from remote sensing images; 2) exposure metrics for UOGD-related air pollutants; 3) acute causal health effects of UOGD construction. The exposure data will be made public available to advance the field.