Transcranial focused ultrasound platform for noninvasive neuromodulation

项目摘要 此S10补助金申请要求资金购买经颅聚焦超声（FUS）仪器 在人类和非人类灵长类动物的转化神经科学研究平台。FUS是一种非- 侵入性调节神经活动，类似于经颅磁刺激（TMS）和电刺激， 刺激，通过应用超声波振动，并可以安全地实施跨越一个 品种繁多。重要的是，FUS与磁和电相比具有许多重要的优势 神经调节，包括更好的空间分辨率（小至0.5 mm）和真正的三维靶向。 此外，FUS技术具有直接刺激以外的新应用，例如开窗的能力。 血脑屏障的定义的时间段，具有高空间精度，开辟了新的途径， 诱导非侵入性化学遗传学和光遗传学受体表达。这些优势使FUS成为理想的 翻译神经调节技术，用于测试神经功能和 各种物种的行为。在这里，我们要求资金装备生物医学成像中心， 和神经调节（C-BIN）在内森克莱恩研究所与国家的最先进的，MRI兼容的超声 与神经导航集成的仪器。该仪器系统将补充我们目前的 TMS和经颅电刺激仪器。C-BIN在实现新颖的 神经科学技术，以及FUS的整合将补充一些心理健康研究 研究所内正在进行和拟议的项目。作为非侵入性神经调节的一种形式， 拟议的工具将为目前的心理健康研究提供益处， 神经调节在重度抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症和 创伤应激障碍，以及非人灵长类动物功能性静息状态的神经基础， 人类FUS作为一种翻译神经调节技术的加入也为大规模的神经调节打开了大门。 各种新的心理健康相关项目。

Project Summary This S10 grant application requests funds to purchase a transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) instrument platform for translational neuroscience studies in human and nonhuman primates. FUS is a means of non- invasively modulating neural activity, similar to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrical stimulation, through the application of ultrasonic acoustic vibrations, and can be implemented safely across a variety of species. Importantly, FUS has a number of important advantages over magnetic and electrical neuromodulation, including better spatial resolution (as small as .5 mm), and true three-dimensional targeting. Additionally, FUS technology has novel applications beyond direct stimulation, such as the ability to fenestrate the blood brain barrier for defined periods of time, with high spatial precision, opening new avenues for inducing noninvasive chemogenetic and optogenetic receptor expression. These strengths make FUS an ideal translational neuromodulatory technology for testing the causal relationship between neural functioning and behavior in a variety of species. Here we are requesting the funds to outfit the Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation (C-BIN) at the Nathan Kline Institute with state-of-the-art, MRI compatible ultrasound instrumentation that is integrated with neuronavigation. This instrument system will complement our current TMS and transcranial electrical stimulation instruments. C-BIN has a long history of implementing novel neuroscientific techniques, and the integration of FUS would complement a number of mental health research projects that are ongoing and proposed within the institute. As a form of noninvasive neuromodulation, the proposed instruments would provide a benefit to current mental health research investigating the therapeutic effects of neuromodulation in major depressive disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease, schizophrenia, and post- traumatic stress disorder, and the neural underpinning of functional resting-state in nonhuman primates and humans. The addition of FUS as a translational neuromodulatory technique also opens the door to a large variety of new mental health related projects.