Cloud-aERosol inTeractions & their impActs IN The earth sYstem (CERTAINTY)

云、气溶胶及其相互作用是气候的关键调节因子。然而，气溶胶对气候的净降温影响的强度以及云对不断变化的人为排放和气候变化引起的自然排放反馈的响应的不确定性，是限制我们理解全球和区域气候（包括极端气候）如何响应温室气体变化的主要挑战。从区域到全球尺度，从几天到几十年的不同时间尺度，更好地了解气溶胶-云过程及其在地球系统中的作用是至关重要的。在过去十年中，广泛的研究网络、基础设施、卫星仪器和大气模式已经发展起来，使人们能够全面了解云和气溶胶对气候和天气的影响。确定性将利用这些可用数据，结合先进的算法、机器学习和数据同化方法、高分辨率模型和地球系统模型，将云、气溶胶和辐射之间相互作用的基本知识提升到一个新的水平。联盟合作伙伴是欧洲气溶胶和云数据以及esm /高分辨率模型的运营商、数据发起者、开发者、提供商和用户的关键角色。该联盟领导下一代卫星任务（如EarthCARE）的活动，并开发新的卫星产品，通过准备早期采用数据的工具，促进它们的科学使用。确定性将把基于观测的知识用于建模框架，以改进预测模型和控制气溶胶、云及其相互作用的过程的知识，时间跨度从小时到几十年。最终结果将是更好地理解和预测极端事件，从而促进为欧洲公民和全球社会的利益规划气候减缓/适应战略

Cloud, aerosols and their interactions are key regulators of climate. However, uncertainties in the magnitude of the net cooling impactof aerosols on climate and in the cloud response to evolving anthropogenic emissions and climate change induced feedbacks onnatural emissions are major challenges that limit our understanding of how global and regional climate, including extremes, respondto changes in greenhouse gases. It is of paramount importance to better understand aerosol-cloud processes and their role in the EarthSystem, from regional to global scales, and over different time scales, from days to decades. Over the last decade, extensive researchnetworks, infrastructures, satellite instruments, and atmospheric models have been developed, making it possible to obtain a holisticview of the effects of clouds and aerosols on climate and weather. CERTAINTY will capitalise on this available data together withadvanced algorithms, machine learning and data assimilation methods, high resolution models, and Earth system models to bring thefundamental knowledge of interactions between clouds, aerosols, and radiation to a new level. The consortium partners are in key roles asoperators, data originators, developers, providers, and users of European aerosol and cloud data and ESMs/high resolution models. Theconsortium leads the activities of next generation satellite missions (such as EarthCARE), and the development of new satellite products,to facilitate their scientific use in CERTAINTY by preparing tools for early adoption of data. CERTAINTY will bring the observationbased knowledge to be used in modeling frameworks to improve predictive models and knowledge of processes controlling aerosols,clouds, and their interactions from hours to decades. The ultimate outcome will be better understanding and predictions of extreme eventsthat facilitates planning of climate mitigation/adaptation strategies for the good of European citizens and global society