ADVANCE (Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions derived from Degassing VolcANiC Eruptions)
ADVANCE(源自火山喷发脱气的气溶胶-云-气候相互作用)
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/T006897/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 82.86万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2020 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Anthropogenic emissions that affect climate are not just confined to greenhouse gases. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other pollutants form atmospheric aerosols that scatter and absorb sunlight, and influence the properties of clouds, modulating the Earth-atmosphere energy balance. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols exert a significant, but poorly quantified, cooling of climate that acts to counterbalance the global warming from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Uncertainties in aerosol-climate impacts are dominated by uncertainties in aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) which operates through aerosols acting as cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) which increases the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) while reducing the size of cloud droplets and subsequently impact rain formation which may change the overall physical properties of clouds. This consequently impacts the uncertainty in climate sensitivity (the climate response per unit climate forcing) because climate models with a strong/weak aerosol cooling effect and a high/low climate sensitivity respectively are both able to represent the historic record of global mean temperatures. On a global mean basis, the most significant anthropogenic aerosol by mass and number is sulphate aerosol resulting from the ~100Tg per year emissions of sulphur dioxide from burning of fossil fuels, but these plumes are emitted quasi-continuously owing to the nature of industrial processes, meaning that there is no simple 'control' state of the climate where sulphur dioxide is not present. On/off perturbation/control observations have, to date, been limited to observations of ship tracks but the spatial scales of such features are far less than the resolution of the weather forecast models or of the climate models that are used in future climate projections. This situation changed dramatically in 2014 with the occurrence of the huge fissure eruption at Holuhraun in 2014-2015 in Iceland, which was the largest effusive degassing event from Iceland since the eruption of Laki in 1783-17849. The eruption at Holuhraun emitted sulphur dioxide at a peak rate of up to 1/3 of global emissions, creating a massive plume of sulphur dioxide and sulphate aerosols across the entire North Atlantic. In effect, Iceland became a significant global/regional pollution source in an otherwise unpolluted environment where clouds should be most susceptible to aerosol emissions. Thus, the eruption at Holuhraun created an excellent analogy for studying the impacts of anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide and the resulting sulphate aerosol on ACI.Our research will comprehensively evaluate impacts of the Holuhraun aerosol plume on clouds, precipitation, the energy balance, and key weather and climate variables. Observational analysis will be extended beyond that of our pilot study to include high quality surface sites. Two different climate models will be used; HadGEM3, which is the most up to date version of the Met Office Unified model and ECHAM6-HAM, developed by MPI Hamburg. These models are chosen because they produce radically different responses in terms of ACI; ECHAM6-HAM produces far stronger ACI impacts overall than HadGEM3. Additionally, the UK Met Office Unified Model framework means that the underlying physics is essentially identical in low-resolution climate models and high-resolution numerical weather predication models, a feature that is unique in weather/climate research. In the high resolution numerical weather prediction version, parameterisations of convection can be turned off and sub-gridscale processes can be explicitly represented. Thus the impacts of choices of parameterisation schemes and discrete values of variables within the schemes may be evaluated. The research promises new insights into ACI and climate sensitivity promising us great strides improving weather and climate models and simulations of the future.
影响气候的人为排放不仅限于温室气体。二氧化硫(SO2)和其他污染物形成大气气溶胶,散射和吸收阳光,影响云的性质,调节地球-大气能量平衡。人为排放的气溶胶对气候的冷却作用显著,但难以量化,这有助于抵消人为温室气体排放造成的全球变暖。气溶胶-气候影响的不确定性主要是气溶胶-云相互作用(ACI)的不确定性,气溶胶通过气溶胶作为云凝结核(CCN)起作用,增加云滴数浓度(CDNC),同时减小云滴的大小,并随后影响降雨的形成,这可能改变云的整体物理特性。因此,这影响了气候敏感性(每单位气候强迫的气候响应)的不确定性,因为分别具有强/弱气溶胶冷却效应和高/低气候敏感性的气候模式都能够代表全球平均温度的历史记录。在全球平均基础上,按质量和数量计算,最重要的人为气溶胶是硫酸盐气溶胶,它是由化石燃料燃烧产生的每年约100 Tg的二氧化硫排放造成的,但由于工业过程的性质,这些羽流是准连续排放的,这意味着不存在二氧化硫的气候的简单“控制”状态。迄今为止,开/关扰动/控制观测仅限于对船舶航迹的观测,但这些特征的空间尺度远远小于未来气候预测中使用的天气预报模型或气候模型的分辨率。这种情况在2014年发生了巨大的变化,2014-2015年冰岛Holuhraun发生了巨大的裂缝喷发,这是自1783-17849年拉基喷发以来冰岛最大的喷发脱气事件。Holuhraun火山的喷发以高达全球排放量三分之一的峰值速度排放二氧化硫,在整个北大西洋形成了大量的二氧化硫和硫酸盐气溶胶。实际上,冰岛成为了一个重要的全球/区域污染源,而在这个未受污染的环境中,云应该最容易受到气溶胶排放的影响。因此,在Holuhraun火山爆发创造了一个很好的类比研究二氧化硫的人为排放和由此产生的硫酸盐气溶胶对ACI的影响。我们的研究将全面评估的影响Holuhraun气溶胶羽云,降水,能量平衡,以及关键的天气和气候变量。观察分析将扩展到我们的试点研究之外,以包括高质量的表面网站。将使用两种不同的气候模式; HadGEM 3,这是气象局统一模式的最新版本,以及由MPI汉堡开发的ECHAM 6-HAM。之所以选择这些模型,是因为它们在ACI方面产生了完全不同的反应; ECHAM 6-HAM产生的ACI影响远远强于HadGEM 3。此外,英国气象局统一模式框架意味着低分辨率气候模式和高分辨率数值天气预报模式的基础物理本质上是相同的,这是天气/气候研究中独一无二的特征。在高分辨率数值天气预报版本中,对流的参数化可以被关闭,亚网格尺度过程可以被明确地表示。因此,可以评估参数化方案和方案内变量离散值的选择的影响。这项研究有望对ACI和气候敏感性有新的见解,使我们能够在改善天气和气候模型以及未来模拟方面取得重大进展。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(9)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Opportunistic experiments to constrain aerosol effective radiative forcing.
- DOI:10.5194/acp-22-641-2022
- 发表时间:2022-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.3
- 作者:Christensen MW;Gettelman A;Cermak J;Dagan G;Diamond M;Douglas A;Feingold G;Glassmeier F;Goren T;Grosvenor DP;Gryspeerdt E;Kahn R;Li Z;Ma PL;Malavelle F;McCoy IL;McCoy DT;McFarquhar G;Mülmenstädt J;Pal S;Possner A;Povey A;Quaas J;Rosenfeld D;Schmidt A;Schrödner R;Sorooshian A;Stier P;Toll V;Watson-Parris D;Wood R;Yang M;Yuan T
- 通讯作者:Yuan T
The 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption: Part 1 Dispersion model simulations and satellite retrievals of volcanic sulfur dioxide
- DOI:10.5194/acp-2020-889
- 发表时间:2020-10
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.3
- 作者:J. de Leeuw;A. Schmidt;C. Witham;N. Theys;Isabelle A. Taylor;R. Grainger;R. Pope;J. Haywood;Martin Osborne;N. Kristiansen
- 通讯作者:J. de Leeuw;A. Schmidt;C. Witham;N. Theys;Isabelle A. Taylor;R. Grainger;R. Pope;J. Haywood;Martin Osborne;N. Kristiansen
Aerosol effects on clouds are concealed by natural cloud heterogeneity and satellite retrieval errors.
- DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-34948-5
- 发表时间:2022-11-30
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:16.6
- 作者:Arola, Antti;Lipponen, Antti;Kolmonen, Pekka;Virtanen, Timo H.;Bellouin, Nicolas;Grosvenor, Daniel P.;Gryspeerdt, Edward;Quaas, Johannes;Kokkola, Harri
- 通讯作者:Kokkola, Harri
Machine learning reveals climate forcing from aerosols is dominated by increased cloud cover
- DOI:10.1038/s41561-022-00991-6
- 发表时间:2022-08-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:18.3
- 作者:Chen, Ying;Haywood, Jim;Lohmann, Ulrike
- 通讯作者:Lohmann, Ulrike
The 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption - Part 1: Dispersion model simulations and satellite retrievals of volcanic sulfur dioxide
- DOI:10.5194/acp-21-10851-2021
- 发表时间:2021-07-19
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.3
- 作者:de Leeuw, Johannes;Schmidt, Anja;Kristiansen, Nina, I
- 通讯作者:Kristiansen, Nina, I
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James Haywood其他文献
James Haywood的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('James Haywood', 18)}}的其他基金
TWISTA (The Wide-ranging Impacts of STratospheric smoke Aerosols)
TWISTA(平流层烟雾气溶胶的广泛影响)
- 批准号:
NE/Y000021/1 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Exeter-NCAR collaborative Development (EXTEND)
埃克塞特-NCAR 合作开发 (EXTEND)
- 批准号:
NE/W003880/1 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
[Malaysia] IMpacts of PRecipitation from Extreme StormS - Malaysia (IMPRESS - Malaysia)
[马来西亚] 极端风暴降水的影响 - 马来西亚(IMPRESS - 马来西亚)
- 批准号:
NE/S002707/1 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
SWAAMI (South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions)
SWAAMI(西南亚气溶胶季风相互作用)
- 批准号:
NE/L013878/1 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
CLouds and Aerosol Radiative Impacts and Forcing: Year 2016 (CLARIFY-2016)
云和气溶胶辐射影响和强迫:2016 年 (CLARIFY-2016)
- 批准号:
NE/L013797/1 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
IMPALA: Improving Model Processes for African cLimAte
IMPALA:改进非洲气候模型流程
- 批准号:
NE/M017265/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
SAMBBA (South American Biomass Burning Analysis)
SAMBBA(南美生物质燃烧分析)
- 批准号:
NE/J010057/1 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Increasing Resilience to Icelandic Volcanic Eruptions
提高冰岛火山喷发的抵御能力
- 批准号:
NE/I01800X/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
相似海外基金
CERTAINTY: Cloud-aERosol inTeractions & their impActs IN The earth sYstem
确定性:云与气溶胶相互作用
- 批准号:
10107237 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
EU-Funded
Cloud-aERosol inTeractions & their impActs IN The earth sYstem (CERTAINTY)
云-气溶胶相互作用
- 批准号:
10104202 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
EU-Funded
Influence of mixing states of naturally occurring aerosol particles on cloud formation as ice nucleating particles
天然存在的气溶胶颗粒的混合状态对冰核颗粒云形成的影响
- 批准号:
23H03531 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Collaborative Research: Antarctic Low Cloud Interaction with Natural Aerosol (ALCINA)
合作研究:南极低云与天然气溶胶的相互作用(ALCINA)
- 批准号:
2130204 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: RUI--Applying Measurements, Models, and Machine Learning to Improve Parameterization of Aerosol Water Uptake and Cloud Condensation Nuclei
合作研究:RUI——应用测量、模型和机器学习来改进气溶胶吸水和云凝核的参数化
- 批准号:
2307150 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: RUI--Applying Measurements, Models, and Machine Learning to Improve Parameterization of Aerosol Water Uptake and Cloud Condensation Nuclei
合作研究:RUI——应用测量、模型和机器学习来改进气溶胶吸水和云凝核的参数化
- 批准号:
2307151 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Antarctic Low Cloud Interaction with Natural Aerosol (ALCINA)
合作研究:南极低云与天然气溶胶的相互作用(ALCINA)
- 批准号:
2130203 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Cloud-Aerosol-Dynamic Interactions in Cold Air Outbreaks over the Arctic Ocean
北冰洋冷空气爆发时的云-气溶胶-动力相互作用
- 批准号:
2150774 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Coastal Cloud Chemistry during the Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE-CCC)
合作研究:东太平洋云气溶胶降水实验期间的沿海云化学(EPCAPE-CCC)
- 批准号:
2410536 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
MCA: Urban-resolving Modeling System - Urban Heat Island, Urban Hydrology, Air Pollution, and Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Nexus
MCA:城市解析建模系统 - 城市热岛、城市水文、空气污染和气溶胶-云相互作用关系
- 批准号:
2322396 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 82.86万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant