Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Flavor Sensory Perception As It Relates to Appeal and Reinforcing Efficacy Among Adult Smokers

项目摘要 女性吸烟者对非尼古丁的感觉线索比男性更敏感， 这可以解释戒烟率较低和对尼古丁替代疗法的反应较低的原因 在女性中。此外，有证据表明，女性更喜欢使用非烟草电子烟口味 并重视风味的可用性。这项建议旨在阐明性别如何影响感官知觉， 流行的电子烟风味成分，甜味和凉爽，以及这如何影响吸引力， 增强功效。我们计划检查三种电子烟的感官知觉，吸引力，增强功效 具有中等尼古丁浓度的电子烟中的风味（甜味、清凉味和未调味） 当单独（目标1）和同时（目标2）时。我们假设与原味的电子烟相比- 香烟液体、甜味和清凉风味组分通常被认为更吸引人和增强 在男性和女性之间，但女性在吸引力和强化力方面的差异更明显 与未调味的电子液体相比，甜味和清凉调味剂的功效（目标1）。另外，我们假设 与男性相比，女性会更努力地工作，并表现出更大的滥用调味电子液体的倾向 在含尼古丁的电子香烟中，当与含尼古丁的无味电子液体同时可用时， 电子烟（目标2）。该项目的结果将提供新的信息，说明 性别对味道的非尼古丁感官线索的反应告知电子烟的使用和行为。监管 限制电子烟中流行的风味成分（如甜味和/或清凉风味）的努力可能会导致 使用电子烟的潜在危害对女性吸烟者的影响可能大于男性 减少工具。 通过专家指导，指导阅读，正式的课程和研讨会，直接的实验培训， 出席科学会议，准备手稿和赠款，拥有开展拟议的 将在以下领域进行研究：（1）与烟草有关的化学感觉心理物理学 （2）与烟草监管科学有关的性相关研究，以及（3）先进的 统计培训，旨在开发数据分析技术，以调查性别差异和口味 烟草制品的使用。总之，这项研究项目和培训计划将提供一个重要的 烟草监管科学职业发展框架。

Project Summary Female cigarette smokers have been shown to be more sensitive than males to non-nicotine sensory cues, which may explain lower rates of smoking cessation and lowered response to nicotine replacement therapies among females. Additionally, evidence suggests females have higher use of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and value flavor availability. This proposal seeks to elucidate how sex may influence the sensory perception of the popular e-cigarette flavor components, sweetness and cooling, and how this impacts appeal and reinforcing efficacy. We plan to examine sensory perception, appeal, reinforcing efficacy of three e-cigarette flavors (sweet flavor, cooling flavor, and unflavored) in an e-cigarette with moderate nicotine concentration when presented alone (Aim 1) and concurrently (Aim 2). We hypothesize that compared to an unflavored e- cigarette liquid, sweet and cooling flavor components will be generally rated as more appealing and reinforcing among both males and females, but females will have more pronounced differences in appeal and reinforcing efficacy of sweet and cooling flavors compared to the unflavored e-liquid (Aim 1). Additionally, we hypothesize that females compared to males will work harder and demonstrate greater abuse liability for flavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes when concurrently available with unflavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes (Aim 2). The outcomes of this project will provide new information about how the difference in response by sex to the non-nicotine sensory cues of flavor inform e-cigarette use and behavior. Regulatory efforts to restrict popular flavor components, like sweet and/or cooling flavors in e-cigarettes may have potentially a greater impact on female cigarette smokers than males on use of e-cigarettes as a potential harm reduction tool. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, direct experimental training, attendance at scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, expertise to conduct the proposed research will be gained in the following areas: (1) chemosensory psychophysics as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, (2) sex-related research as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, and (3) advanced statistical training aimed at developing data analysis techniques to investigate sex differences & flavored tobacco product use. Taken together, this research project and training plan will provide an important framework for career development in tobacco regulatory science.