Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Flavor Sensory Perception As It Relates to Appeal and Reinforcing Efficacy Among Adult Smokers

项目摘要 研究表明，女性吸烟者比男性对非尼古丁感官信号更敏感， 这可能解释了较低的戒烟率和对尼古丁替代疗法的较低反应 在女性中。此外，有证据表明，女性对非烟草电子烟口味的使用率更高。 并重视风味的可用性。这一建议试图阐明性行为如何影响人的感官知觉 流行的电子烟风味成分，甜度和凉爽，以及这如何影响吸引力和 增强功效。我们计划测试三种电子烟的感官知觉、感染力、增强功效 尼古丁浓度适中的电子烟的味道(甜味、冷味和无香料) 单独提出(目标1)和同时提出(目标2)。我们假设，与一个没有味道的电子产品相比- 卷烟的液体、甜味和清凉香味成分通常被评为更具吸引力和增强剂。 男性和女性之间，但女性在吸引力和强化方面会有更明显的差异 甜味剂和冷味剂的功效与无香料的电子口服液相比(目标1)。此外，我们假设 与男性相比，女性会更努力地工作，并表现出更大的滥用调味电子液体的责任 在含有尼古丁的电子烟中，当与含有尼古丁的无味电子烟同时提供时 电子烟(目标2)。该项目的成果将提供新的信息，说明 性别对非尼古丁味道感官线索的反应决定了电子烟的使用和行为。监管 限制电子烟中流行的香料成分，如甜味和/或凉味的努力可能会产生 使用电子烟对女性吸烟者的潜在危害比男性更大 缩小工具。 通过专家指导、定向阅读、正式课程和研讨会、直接实验培训、 出席科学会议、准备手稿和赠款、提供专业知识以开展拟议的 将在以下方面进行研究：(1)与烟草有关的化学感觉心理物理学 管理科学，(2)与烟草管理科学有关的性相关研究，以及(3)高级 旨在开发数据分析技术以调查性别差异的统计培训 烟草产品的使用。综上所述，这项研究项目和培训计划将提供重要的 烟草监管科学的职业发展框架。

Project Summary Female cigarette smokers have been shown to be more sensitive than males to non-nicotine sensory cues, which may explain lower rates of smoking cessation and lowered response to nicotine replacement therapies among females. Additionally, evidence suggests females have higher use of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and value flavor availability. This proposal seeks to elucidate how sex may influence the sensory perception of the popular e-cigarette flavor components, sweetness and cooling, and how this impacts appeal and reinforcing efficacy. We plan to examine sensory perception, appeal, reinforcing efficacy of three e-cigarette flavors (sweet flavor, cooling flavor, and unflavored) in an e-cigarette with moderate nicotine concentration when presented alone (Aim 1) and concurrently (Aim 2). We hypothesize that compared to an unflavored e- cigarette liquid, sweet and cooling flavor components will be generally rated as more appealing and reinforcing among both males and females, but females will have more pronounced differences in appeal and reinforcing efficacy of sweet and cooling flavors compared to the unflavored e-liquid (Aim 1). Additionally, we hypothesize that females compared to males will work harder and demonstrate greater abuse liability for flavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes when concurrently available with unflavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes (Aim 2). The outcomes of this project will provide new information about how the difference in response by sex to the non-nicotine sensory cues of flavor inform e-cigarette use and behavior. Regulatory efforts to restrict popular flavor components, like sweet and/or cooling flavors in e-cigarettes may have potentially a greater impact on female cigarette smokers than males on use of e-cigarettes as a potential harm reduction tool. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, direct experimental training, attendance at scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, expertise to conduct the proposed research will be gained in the following areas: (1) chemosensory psychophysics as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, (2) sex-related research as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, and (3) advanced statistical training aimed at developing data analysis techniques to investigate sex differences & flavored tobacco product use. Taken together, this research project and training plan will provide an important framework for career development in tobacco regulatory science.