Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Flavor Sensory Perception As It Relates to Appeal and Reinforcing Efficacy Among Adult Smokers

电子烟口味感官知觉的性别差异与成年吸烟者的吸引力和增强功效有关

• 批准号: 10830508
• 负责人: Danielle R Davis
• 金额: $ 7.34万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10830508
• 关键词: Abstinence; Administrative Supplement; Adult; Area; Award; Behavior; Biological; Child; Cigarette Smoker; Compensation; Coupled; Cues; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Double-Blind Method; Electronic cigarette; Event; Female; Funding; Gender; Goals; Grant; Harm Reduction; K-Series Research Career Programs; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Life; Manuscripts; Maternity leave; Mentors; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Patient Recruitments; Perception; Pharmacy facility; Play; Population; Preparation; Product Approvals; Psychological reinforcement; Psychophysics; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Research Assistant; Research Design; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Research Training; Role; Schedule; Secondary to; Sensory; Sex Differences; Smoker; Speed; Techniques; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; abuse liability; addiction; behavioral economics; career development; combustible tobacco; design; electronic cigarette use; electronic liquid; experience; male; meetings; nicotine exposure; nicotine replacement; parent grant; recruit; response; secondary analysis; sex; smoking cessation; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco regulatory science; tool

Project Summary Female cigarette smokers have been shown to be more sensitive than males to non-nicotine sensory cues, which may explain lower rates of smoking cessation and lowered response to nicotine replacement therapies among females. Additionally, evidence suggests females have higher use of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and value flavor availability. This funded K01 is designed to elucidate how sex may influence the sensory perception of the popular e-cigarette flavor components, sweetness and cooling, and how this impacts appeal and reinforcing efficacy. Sensory perception, appeal, reinforcing efficacy of three e-cigarette flavors (sweet flavor, cooling flavor, and unflavored) are studied when presented in an e-cigarette with moderate nicotine concentration alone (Aim 1) and concurrently (Aim 2). We hypothesize that compared to an unflavored e-cigarette liquid, sweet and cooling flavor components will be generally rated as more appealing and reinforcing among both males and females, but females will have more pronounced differences in appeal and reinforcing efficacy of sweet and cooling flavors compared to the unflavored e-liquid (Aim 1). Additionally, we hypothesize that females compared to males will work harder and demonstrate greater abuse liability for flavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes when concurrently available with unflavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes (Aim 2). The outcomes of this project will provide new information about how the difference in response by sex to the non-nicotine sensory cues of flavor inform e-cigarette use and behavior. Regulatory efforts to restrict popular flavor components, like sweet and/or cooling flavors in e- cigarettes may have potentially a greater impact on female cigarette smokers than males on use of e- cigarettes as a potential harm reduction tool. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, direct experimental training, attendance at scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, expertise to conduct the proposed research will be gained in the following areas: (1) chemosensory psychophysics as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, (2) sex-related research as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, and (3) advanced statistical training aimed at developing data analysis techniques to investigate sex differences & flavored tobacco product use. Taken together, this research project and training plan in the currently funded K01 will provide an important framework for career development in tobacco regulatory science. This supplement is proposed to provide additional funding support for the PI given they will be experiencing a critical life event during Year 2 of the parent grant. The PI will be having a child in July 2023 and will be on maternity leave through October. Given recruitment and data collection will be paused during this time, the supplement will be used to increase research support (with a research assistant) following the leave to compensate for the delay in study recruitment and data collection.

项目摘要 研究表明，女性吸烟者比男性对非尼古丁感官更敏感 提示，这可能解释了较低的戒烟率和对尼古丁替代品的较低反应 在女性中的治疗。此外，有证据表明，女性对非烟草电子烟的使用率更高 口味和价值风味可用性。这项资助的K01旨在阐明性可能如何影响 感官感知电子烟流行的风味成分、甜味和凉爽，以及这是如何影响的 号召力和增强功效。三种电子烟口味的感官、感官、增强功效 (甜味、冷味和无味)在电子烟中呈现时进行了研究 尼古丁单独浓度(目标1)和同时浓度(目标2)。我们假设，与一种没有味道的 电子烟的液体、甜味和降温风味成分通常被评为更具吸引力和 在男性和女性之间都有所增强，但女性在吸引力和 与无香料的电子口服液相比，甜味和清凉口感的功效更强(目标1)。此外，我们 假设女性比男性工作更努力，表现出更大的虐待责任 在含有电子烟的尼古丁中添加香料的电子烟与未添加香料的电子烟同时在 含有尼古丁的电子烟(目标2)。该项目的成果将提供有关如何 不同性别对非尼古丁味道感官线索的反应差异告知电子烟的使用和 行为。监管努力限制流行的风味成分，如电子烟中的甜味和/或凉味 在使用电子烟方面，香烟对女性吸烟者的潜在影响可能比男性更大。 香烟是一种潜在的减少危害的工具。 通过专家指导、定向阅读、正式课程和研讨会、直接实验 培训、出席科学会议、准备手稿和赠款、开展 拟在以下方面进行研究：(1)化学感官心理物理学 烟草管制科学，(2)与烟草管制科学有关的性相关研究，以及(3) 高级统计培训，旨在开发数据分析技术以调查性别差异 加味烟草产品的使用。综上所述，这项研究项目和培训计划在目前获得资助 K01将为烟草监管科学的职业发展提供一个重要的框架。 本补编的目的是为PI提供额外的资金支助，因为它们将 在父母助学金的第二年经历了一次重要的人生事件。少年派将于2023年7月生下孩子 并将休产假至10月。在此期间，将暂停招聘和数据收集 这一次，补助金将用于在以下情况下增加研究支持(带有研究助理) 休假，以弥补在学习、招聘和数据收集方面的延误。