Contaminants of emerging concern: An integrated approach for assessing impacts on the marine environment

对比将制定一个综合评估和基于效果的监测框架(IAF)，以衡量CECs对海洋环境的影响，为欧盟政策(即MSFD/WFD)的应用提供良好环境状况的衡量标准。IAF将涉及化学测量和生物影响端点，这些端点将被优化，以检测海洋环境中CECs的存在和影响程度。对比将通过使用化学优先排序方案来确定对海洋生物构成最大威胁的CEC，以告知哪些CEC应该在环境中进行测量。此外，应在实验室控制的实验中使用哪些CEC，在这些实验中将对生物系统和海洋生物多样性产生影响。将结合体内、体外和体内生物测定以及组学来确定从化学优先方案中选择的CECs的主要毒性机制。这将提供关于CECs如何在与环境有关的浓度下与海洋生物相互作用的重要信息，并告知IAF应使用哪些生物效应工具来涵盖CECs产生的一系列毒性机制。Contrast将通过优化现有的生物标记物和开发新的生物标记物来解决这个问题，以便IAF包括生物标记物工具，以涵盖CECs产生的许多毒性机制。将使用一系列欧洲范围的案例研究来测试IAF是否适合衡量包括CECs在内的化学品对指示物种和生物多样性的影响。从实地测试和实验室研究中获得的知识将成为指导文件和政策简报的基础，这些文件和政策简报是开展关于海洋环境中CEC的宇航框架最佳做法的基础。此外，还将评估气候变化驱动因素对CECs的相互作用，包括对CECs的分布、循环、去向、生物有效性和对海洋生物的毒性的影响。

CONTRAST will develop an integrated assessment and effect-based monitoring framework (IAF) to measure the impacts of CECs on the marine environment to provide a measure of Good Environmental Status for application in EU policy (i.e. MSFD/WFD). The IAF will involve chemical measurements together with biological effects endpoints that will be optimised to detect the presence and degree of effect of CECs in the marine environment. CONTRAST will identify the CECs that pose the greatest threat to marine life by using chemical prioritisation schemes to inform which of the CECs should be measured in the environment. Additionally, which CECs should be used in the laboratory-controlled experiments, where the effects on biological systems and marine biodiversity will be performed. A combination of in silico, in vitro and in vivo bioassays together with omics will be used to determine the principal mechanisms of toxicity of CECs selected from the chemical prioritisation schemes. This will provide important information on how CECs may interact with marine organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and inform which biological effects tools should be used in the IAF to cover the range of toxicity mechanisms that CECs produce. CONTRAST will address this by optimising existing and developing new biomarkers, so that the IAF includes biomarker tools to cover many of the mechanism of toxicity produced by CECs. A series of European wide case studies will be used to test the suitability of the IAF to measure the effects of chemicals including CECs on indicator species and biodiversity. The knowledge gained from field testing and laboratory studies will form the basis for guidance documents and policy briefs on the best practices for performing an IAF on CECs in the marine environment. Furthermore, the interactions of climate change drivers on CECs will be evaluated including effects on CECs distribution, circulation, fate, bioavailability, and toxicity to marine life.