One Health approach to understand, predict and prevent viral emergencies from bats

近年来，在蝙蝠中发现的几种新型RNA病毒与人类疾病的出现有关。对这一极其多样化的哺乳动物群体的监测表明，蝙蝠是许多病毒的重要宿主，其人畜共患的潜力值得进一步研究。OneBAT旨在利用一个由生态学家、病毒学家和建模师组成的多学科联盟，调查病毒从欧洲蝙蝠向人类或家畜扩散的触发因素。为响应该呼吁所预见的结果，OneBAT将揭示决定传染病出现的自然宿主和外溢宿主、病原体和环境之间复杂的相互作用。关于病毒复制途径、抗原标记物以及体外和体内抗病毒药物筛选的信息将促进x病当前和未来治疗和预防工具的可用性。由于技术和后勤原因，OneBAT将不会调查在欧洲传播的所有蝙蝠种类和病原体；相反，它将提供有关模型物种的充分证据，可用于研究其他蝙蝠物种或病毒，这些物种或病毒已经或可能在项目的整个生命周期内或将来成为感兴趣的物种。我们将重点关注在欧洲范围内数量显著减少的schreibersiminiopterus蝙蝠，以及丝状病毒、冠状病毒和溶血病毒，这些已知在目标蝙蝠中传播的高后果病原体。除了项目产生的具体信息外，OneBAT还将建立一个方法平台，提供已开发的生态和病毒学工具。其中，对这些小癫痫动物进行血清学和病毒学调查的创新方案；统一欧洲的纵向调查，包括跟踪系统。最终，OneBAT将为欧盟南部和东部国家配备20个甚高频接收器，可用于对所有飞行动物的进一步研究。

In recent years, several novel RNA viruses found in bats have been associated to the emergence of human diseases. Surveillance in this extremely diverse group of mammals has revealed that bats are significant reservoir hosts for many viruses whose zoonotic potential deserves further insights. OneBAT aims at investigating the trigger for viral spillover from European bats to humans or domestic animals, using a multidisciplinary consortium of ecologists, virologists and modellers. In response to the outcomes foreseen by the call, OneBAT will unravel the complex interplay between natural and spillover host, pathogen and environment that determines the emergence of infectious diseases. Information on viral replication pathways, antigenic markers, and in vitro and in vivo screening of antivirals will advance the availability of current and future therapeutic and prophylactic tools for Disease X. Due to technical and logistical reasons, OneBAT will not investigate all the batspecies and pathogens circulating in Europe; it will rather provide well-based evidence on relevant model species that could be used to study other bat species or viruses that already are or may become of interest over the lifetime of the project or in the future. We will focus on the Miniopterus schreibersii bats, a species in significant decline across Europe, and on filoviruses, coronaviruses and lyssaviruses, as high-consequence pathogens known to circulate in the target bat. In addition to the specific information stemming from the project, OneBAT will establish a methodological platform that will make available the developed ecological and virological tools. Among them, innovative protocols for serological and virological investigations of these small-seize animals; harmonised longitudinalsurveys across Europe, including tracking systems. Ultimately, OneBAT will equip southern and eastern EU countries with 20 VHF receivers that could be used for further studies on all flying animals.