Local Alcohol and Marijuana Policies, Retail Availability, and Co-Use During Adolescence and Early Adulthood

当地酒精和大麻政策、零售供应情况以及青春期和成年早期的共同使用

• 批准号: 10526901
• 负责人: MALLIE J PASCHALL
• 金额: $ 28.53万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-29 至 2027-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10526901
• 关键词: 20 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Behavior; Belief; California; Cannabis policy; Cannabis retail; Cities; Communities; Drug usage; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Fostering; Gender; Heavy Drinking; Knowledge; Life; Longitudinal Surveys; Marijuana; Marketing; Mediating; Medical; Monitor; Oregon; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Prevention approach; Price; Production; Psychotropic Drugs; Public Health; Race; Recreation; Research; Risk; Safety; Sales; Source; Substance Use Disorder; Time; Variant; Youth; adverse outcome; age effect; alcohol availability; alcohol measurement; alcohol use initiation; cohort; deter alcohol use; emerging adult; evidence base; health disparity; impaired driving performance; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; prevent; public policy on alcohol; racial population; recruit; reduced alcohol use; sex; sexual assault; social; underage drinking; young adult

ABSTRACT A growing number of states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use, which may increase the likelihood of concurrent or simultaneous use (co-use) with alcohol. Co-use of alcohol and marijuana may exacerbate problems associated with their use, including impaired driving, poor academic performance, aggression, and increased risk of substance use disorder. Regulatory policies and their enforcement may affect alcohol and marijuana use and co-use directly by deterring use or indirectly by influencing commercial and social availability, opportunities for use, beliefs about risks, and norms. Although we know a great deal about state-level alcohol policies, we know less about local policies, and little or no research has examined both local alcohol and marijuana policies and the extent to which they may jointly influence alcohol and marijuana use, co-use, and problems over time. Given the substantial variation in how alcohol and marijuana policies are implemented and enforced at the local level, and the rapidly changing marijuana policy environment, this is a serious gap in our knowledge of how to effectively regulate these substances to minimize problems. Moreover, little is known about how young people adapt to local regulatory policies and enforcement activities that place constraints on availability and opportunities for using alcohol and marijuana and risks associated with such adaptations. Alcohol and drug policies and enforcement may have differential effects across gender, sexual, and racial/ethnic groups, potentially contributing to health disparities. To address these issues, we propose a five-year study to investigate whether more restrictive evidence-based local policies and stronger enforcement reduce alcohol and marijuana availability and opportunities for use, and prevent alcohol and marijuana use, co-use, and related problems during adolescence and in early adulthood. The study will be conducted in 40 California cities that vary in alcohol and marijuana regulatory policies and retail availability. We will monitor changes in marijuana and alcohol policies, enforcement activities, and marijuana and alcohol retail availability over a three-year period. We will conduct a three-wave longitudinal survey with a cohort of 1,000 15 to 20-year-olds recruited in the 40 cities to assess their alcohol and marijuana use and co-use in different contexts, related problems, sources and types of marijuana and alcohol used, and related beliefs. This study will (a) determine whether more restrictive local regulatory policies and enforcement activities delay initiation of alcohol and marijuana use and co-use and prevent escalation of these behaviors and problems over time; (b) ascertain the extent to which such effects are mediated through availability (social, commercial, and illicit), opportunities and constraints for alcohol and marijuana use, and related beliefs; (c) provide guidance to policymakers and public health stakeholders at local levels; and (d) inform future research on local alcohol and marijuana alcohol policies and mechanisms through which they may affect alcohol and marijuana use. We will also explore the extent to which race/ethnicity, sex, and gender moderate effects of policy and enforcement.

抽象的 越来越多的州已将大麻合法用于医疗和娱乐使用，这可能会增加 与酒精同时使用或同时使用（共同使用）的可能性。酒精和大麻的共同使用 加剧与使用相关的问题，包括驾驶受损，学习成绩不佳， 侵略性和增加药物使用障碍的风险。监管政策及其执行可能 直接通过影响商业来阻止使用或间接影响酒精和大麻的使用和共同利用 以及社会可用性，使用机会，对风险的信念和规范。虽然我们知道很多 关于州级酒精政策，我们对当地政策了解少，几乎没有研究或没有研究 当地的酒精和大麻政策以及它们可能在多大程度上影响酒精和 随着时间的流逝，大麻使用，共同利用和问题。考虑到酒精和大麻的实质性差异 政策是在地方一级实施和执行的，以及快速变化的大麻政策 环境，这是我们关于如何有效调节这些物质以最小化的认识的严重差距 问题。此外，对年轻人如何适应当地监管政策和执法知之甚少 对使用酒精和大麻和风险的可用性和机会的限制的活动 与这种适应性相关。酒精和药物政策和执行可能会产生不同的影响 在性别，性和种族/种族群体中，有可能导致健康差异。解决这些 问题，我们提出了一项为期五年的研究，以调查是否有更多限制性的基于证据的地方政策和 更强大的执法减少酒精和大麻的可用性和使用机会，并防止酒精 在青春期和成年初期，大麻使用，共同利用和相关问题。该研究将是 在40个加利福尼亚城市进行的酒精和大麻监管政策和零售价不同。我们 将监视大麻和酒精政策，执法活动以及大麻和酒精零售的变化 在三年内的可用性。我们将与1,000 15的队列进行三波纵向调查 在40个城市招募的20岁年轻人来评估其酒精和大麻的使用和共同使用 使用的上下文，相关问题，来源和类型的大麻和酒精以及相关的信念。这项研究 （a）确定更严格的地方监管政策和执行活动是否延迟开始 随着时间的流逝，酒精和大麻使用和共同利用并防止这些行为和问题升级； （b） 确定通过可用性（社会，商业和非法）介导这种影响的程度， 酒精和大麻的机会和限制以及相关信念； （c）提供指导 政策制定者和地方保健利益相关者； （d）为未来的有关当地酒精和的研究提供信息 大麻酒精政策和可能影响酒精和大麻使用的机制。我们将 还探讨了政策和执法的种族/种族，性别和性别中等影响的程度。