Psychological Resilience as a Health Resource in the Context of Stressful Life Events in Later Life

项目摘要/摘要 有压力的生活事件(SLEs)，尤其是那些涉及健康、家庭、财务和工作的事件，在后来很常见 生命，并可能导致日常功能(即身体、认知和心理)的显著下降，以及丧失 在晚年生活的独立性和生活质量。心理弹性(PR)是个体内部的资源 掌握了面对挑战时的适应能力。国家老龄研究所(NIA)已经确定 将恢复力作为优先研究重点，以帮助理解和改进对压力源和健康的反应 挫折。目前的研究缺乏证据表明公关作为一种跨越SLE和SLE的健康资源的健壮性 它在社会群体中的一致性。 我们的初步研究提供了我们创建的公关工具的可靠性和预测有效性 简化弹性评分(SRS)，用于健康和退休研究(HRS)，这是第一个公关衡量标准 在人口健康数据中可用，并为其创建。我们已经证明，公关与健康利益有关，而且 可能会促进某些SLEs的恢复。我们的目标是确定个人资料(或个人组合 特征)中对SLEs最有弹性的那些。我们将利用SRS来识别以下上下文中的配置文件 SLEs和其他资源，并探索这些影响在不同人口群体中的一致性。 具体地说，我们的目标包括：(1)确定公关是否是日常生活中常见SLEs的有力调节因素 (2)评价公关是否具有独立的、交互的、相乘的或替代的保护作用； 以及(3)评估哪些人口群体受公关保护最多和最少。我们假设：(A) 公关水平较高的个体将较少经历SLES的负面后果，并且(B)公关将是 当其他资源(社会、财政、心理)减少或有限时，影响最大。我们会 按种族、性别和年龄评估公关效果，以确定SLEs、PR和其他 资源和功能结果轨迹因组而异。 我们将使用因果建模技术来解释选择，进行缓和和调解测试以 确定对SLEs的响应是否依赖于公关，并确定SLE的弹性结果轨迹 和结果。我们还将进行多个组分析，以测试资源如何与 与公关协调或取代公关，以及公关的影响是否因人口群体而异。 本R21的目标是评估PR作为卫生资源的潜力，并拓宽理论 基于人口数据的晚年生活复原力框架。这项工作将为以后的工作奠定基础 努力(包括未来的R01应用)开发促进稳定和/或恢复的系统性红斑狼疮干预措施。我们 将为公众在HRS中使用SRS措施提供文件和培训，支持NIA的 促进对人口研究中的复原力机制进行更有力评价的举措。这些材料 将使其他研究人员能够有效和高效地扩展关于PR的人口健康研究。

Project Summary/Abstract Stressful life events (SLEs), especially those involving health, family, finances, and work are common in later life, and can result in significant decline in daily function (i.e., physical, cognitive, and psychological), and loss of independence and quality of life in later life. Psychological resilience (PR) is an intra-individual resource capturing the ability to adapt in the face of challenges. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has identified resilience as a priority research focus to help understand and improve responses to stressors and health setbacks. Current studies lack evidence regarding the robustness of PR as a health resource across SLEs and its consistency across social groups. Our preliminary research provides reliability and predictive validity of a PR instrument we created called the Simplified Resilience Score (SRS) for use in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the first PR measure available in, and created for, population health data. We have shown that PR is related to health benefits, and may promote recovery from certain SLEs. Our objective is to identify profiles (or combinations of individual chacterstics) of those most resilient to SLEs. We will leverage the SRS to identify profiles within the context of SLEs and other resources, and explore consistency of these effects across demographic groups. Specifically, our aims include: (1) determining if PR is a robust moderator of common SLEs on daily function in later life; (2) evaluating if PR has independent, interactive, multiplicative, or substitutional protective effects; and (3) evaluating which demographic groups are most and least protected by PR. We hypothesize: (a) individuals with higher levels of PR will experience fewer negative consquences of SLEs, and (b) PR will be most impactful when other resources (social, financial, psychological) are diminished or limited. We will evaluate PR effects by race, gender, and age, to determine if the relationships between SLEs, PR, other resources, and functional outcome trajectories vary across groups. We will account for selection using causal modeling techniques, conduct moderation and mediation tests to determine if responses to SLEs are dependent on PR, and identify resilient outcome trajectories across SLEs and outcomes. We will also conduct multiple group analyses to test how resources work alongside, in coordination with, or in place of PR, and whether the effects of PR differ by demographic groups. The goal of this R21 is to evaluate the potential of PR as a health resource and broaden the theoretical framework of resilience in later life based on population data. This work will provide a foundation for future work (including a future R01 application) to develop SLE interventions that foster stability and/or recovery. We will provide documentation and training for public use of the SRS measure in the HRS, supporting NIA’s initiatives to facilitate more robust evaluation of resilience mechanisms in population research. These materials will enable other researchers to effectively and efficiently expand population health research on PR.