Spanking and hitting children: Trends and changes in risk factors in consecutive, longitudinal, national samples of parents from 1993-2022

打屁股和打孩子：1993-2022 年连续、纵向、全国父母样本中危险因素的趋势和变化

• 批准号: 10525984
• 负责人: Christopher J Mehus
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10525984
• 关键词: 12 year old; Academy; Address; Affect; Age; American; Anger; Awareness; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 pandemic effects; Characteristics; Child; Child Abuse; Child Development; Child Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Development; Family; Foundations; Funding; Future; Goals; Health; Home; Investments; Knowledge; Longitudinal trends; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health; Modeling; Monitor; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pediatrics; Policies; Prevalence; Prevention; Professional Organizations; Public Health; Public Policy; Publishing; Punishment; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Violence; Youth; analytical method; clinical practice; cohort; experience; follow-up; insight; interest; novel; novel strategies; outcome prediction; pandemic disease; physical abuse; preventive intervention; prospective; substance use; theories; time use; trend; twelfth grade; violence prevention

ABSTRACT Corporal punishment (e.g., spanking) and physical abuse (e.g., hitting out of anger) are related to health and developmental consequences for children, including mental health and substance use disorders. Knowledge of current trends and risk factors for parental violence – including through the years of the COVID-19 pandemic – is needed to inform policy and clinical practice, and is critical for understanding which families may benefit most from targeted prevention efforts. Previous studies have been unable to provide this knowledge because of limited longitudinal data and a predominant reliance on one-time cross-sectional surveys. Further, theory and research over the past half-century has identified a wide range of risk factors for parental violence (e.g., substance use, previous experiences with violence, poor mental health), but no previous research has examined whether risk factors for violence have changed over time. This R03 addresses these critical gaps using untapped data from the NIH-funded Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. MTF is the only annually- repeated survey with measures of spanking and hitting a child and, therefore, the only data available to answer the questions proposed in this R03. The long-term goal of this research is to capitalize on existing investments in the MTF study to inform and guide violence prevention efforts. The overall objectives in this study are to (1) examine trends in parental violence, including through the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) investigate whether concurrent or prospective risk factors for parental violence have remained constant or changed across recent decades, including during the pandemic. The total sample (n~19,300) will include parents from 30 consecutive cohorts, followed longitudinally, who reached age 35 from 1993 (1st cohort) to 2022 (30th cohort). This R03 includes three aims: (Aim 1) Identify parental characteristics associated with the greatest risk for physical violence toward children, using longitudinal regression and path models; (Aim 2) Examine the long-term trends of parental violence, using Joinpoint models; and (Aim 3) Determine whether – and in what ways – risk factors for violence have changed over time, using time-varying effect modeling (TVEM). The successful completion of this R03 will contribute significantly to the field’s understanding of current trends and risk factors for spanking and hitting children. This study addresses a critical need to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parental violence in the context of long-term trends. The inclusion of data through 2022 will enable examination of changes in trends and risk factors associated with the pandemic. This study is novel in the use of longitudinal data from annually repeated surveys containing parental violence measures and in the analytic methods used. This study will generate knowledge that can immediately inform policy, clinical practice, and prevention efforts in support of healthy child development.

摘要 体罚（例如，打屁股）和身体虐待（例如，因愤怒而打人）与健康有关， 对儿童的发育影响，包括精神健康和药物使用障碍。知识 父母暴力的当前趋势和风险因素-包括在COVID-19大流行期间- 需要为政策和临床实践提供信息，对于了解哪些家庭可能受益至关重要 大部分来自有针对性的预防工作。以前的研究无法提供这些知识，因为 有限的纵向数据和对一次性横断面调查的主要依赖。此外，理论 过去半个世纪的研究已经确定了父母暴力的广泛风险因素（例如， 物质使用，以前的暴力经历，精神健康状况不佳），但以前的研究没有 研究了暴力的风险因素是否随着时间的推移而发生变化。本R 03解决了这些关键差距 使用NIH资助的监测未来（MTF）研究的未开发数据。MTF是唯一的年度- 重复调查的措施，打屁股和打孩子，因此，唯一可用的数据来回答 本R 03中提出的问题。这项研究的长期目标是利用现有的投资 在中期工作框架研究中，为预防暴力工作提供信息和指导。本研究的总体目标是（1） 审查父母暴力的趋势，包括通过COVID-19大流行，以及（2）调查是否 近年来，父母暴力的并发或潜在风险因素保持不变或发生变化， 几十年来，包括大流行期间。总样本（n~ 19，300）将包括来自30个连续样本的父母 队列，纵向跟踪，从1993年（第1队列）到2022年（第30队列）年龄达到35岁。R03 包括三个目标：（目标1）确定与最大的身体风险相关的父母特征 使用纵向回归和路径模型，研究针对儿童的暴力行为;（目标2）审查长期趋势 （目标3）确定是否----以及以何种方式----风险因素 随着时间的推移，使用时变效应模型（TVEM）。圆满完成 R 03将大大有助于该领域对当前趋势和打屁股风险因素的理解 打孩子这项研究解决了审查COVID-19大流行对 长期趋势背景下的父母暴力。到2022年纳入数据将使审查 与流行病有关的趋势和风险因素的变化。本研究在使用 包含父母暴力措施的年度重复调查的纵向数据， 使用的方法。这项研究将产生的知识，可以立即通知政策，临床实践， 支持儿童健康发展的预防工作。