Executive dysfunction as a treatment target for DS clinical trials: An evaluation of its real-world and neural correlates.

项目摘要/摘要 正如美国国立卫生研究院唐氏综合症(DS)研究计划和纳入计划所强调的那样 研究计划，需要召集大量患有DS的个体进行以下研究 检查与健康和幸福相关的风险和复原力因素。这些研究已经 不仅对DS患者有影响，而且对普通人群中的个人也有影响。父辈 授予拟议的行政副刊的奖项审查了神经和现实世界的相关性 执行功能障碍(即，认知控制过程中对 青少年DS患者(n=200)的自我调节和完成复杂任务的能力。一 在家长拨款中研究的真实世界相关性，这将是建议的重点 行政补充是职业的结果。具体地说，行政副刊 寻求通过完成第二波(在线)数据收集来延长家长拨款 成人DS患者(目标n=120)的照顾者专注于对职业生涯的两个影响 未在家长奖励中衡量的结果。第一个方面很重要，但却被忽视了 职业功能、工作准备或个人的潜在就业能力，基于其 “软技能。”职业地位(如家长津贴中评估的)提供了一种明确的 特征取决于更广泛的社会(例如，经济)和地方(例如，服务 规定)因素。工作就绪性提供了补充和连续的衡量标准 独立于这些更广泛和可变的背景/环境因素的职业潜力 影响DS患者的就业。因此，对职业生涯的第二个影响 作为父母赠款延期的一部分，结果将被量化，关键是这些 重要的背景/环境因素。更具体地说，行政副刊 寻求通过定量和定性两种手段来确定潜力 背景/环境因素(例如，父母的动机、交通工具) 可能会修改或模糊执行功能障碍和职业结果之间的关系。 通过更好地改进职业衡量标准和背景/环境影响， 行政补助金将支持家长补助金为未来的研究奠定基础 审查机制，以优化患有DS的成年人的职业结果。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT As highlighted in the NIH Research Plan on Down Syndrome (DS) and the INCLUDE Project Research Plan, there is a need to assemble large cohorts of individuals with DS for studies that examine risk and resilience factors relevant to health and well-being. These studies have implications not only for those with DS but for individuals in the general population. The parent award to the proposed administrative supplement examines the neural and real-world correlates of executive dysfunction (i.e., impairments in cognitive control processes that are important for self-regulation and the completion of complex tasks) in young adults with DS (n=200). One real-world correlate studied in the parent grant that will be the focus of the proposed administrative supplement is vocational outcomes. Specifically, the administrative supplement seeks to extend the parent grant by completing a second wave of (online) data collection from caregivers of adults with DS (targeted n=120) focused on two influences on vocational outcomes not measured in the parent award. The first is an important, but overlooked, aspect of vocational functioning, work readiness, or the individual’s potential employability based on their “soft skills.” Vocational status (as assessed in the parent grant) provides a categorical characterization that is dependent on broader societal (e.g., economic) and local (e.g., service provision) factors. Work readiness provides a complementary and continuous metric of vocational potential independent of these broader and variable contextual/environmental factors influencing employment for individuals with DS. Thus, the second influence on vocational outcomes to be quantified as part of this extension to the parent grant is these critically important contextual/environmental factors. More specifically, the administrative supplement seeks to identify through both quantitative and qualitative means potential contextual/environmental factors (e.g., parent motivation, access to transportation) that are likely to modify or obscure relations between executive dysfunction and vocational outcomes. Through greater refinement of vocational metrics and contextual/environmental influences, the administrative supplement will support the parent grant in setting the stage for future research examining mechanisms to optimize vocational outcomes in adults with DS.