Stereopsis and Suppression in Strabismus and Amblyopia

斜视和弱视的立体视觉和抑制

• 批准号: 10539773
• 负责人: Preeti Verghese
• 金额: $ 39.82万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10539773
• 关键词: Affect; Amblyopia; Anisometropia; Area; Behavioral; Blindness; Classification; Clinic; Clinical; Contrast Sensitivity; Cues; Data; Depth Perception; Development; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Equilibrium; Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Heterogeneity; Image; Impairment; Individual; Lazy Eyes; Life; Light; Location; Maps; Masks; Measurable; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Monitor; Monkeys; Movement; Participant; Perimetry; Peripheral; Physiological; Population; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Refractive Errors; Residual state; Resolution; Retina; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Strabismus; Testing; Training; Training Technics; V1 neuron; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Cortex Disorder; Visual Fields; Visual evoked cortical potential; blind; central visual field; density; experience; extrastriate; eye hand coordination; fovea centralis; improved; monocular; neurodevelopment; novel; public health relevance; receptive field; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; source localization

Abstract Amblyopia (‘lazy eye’) is a neuro-development disorder of the visual cortex that occurs early in life and affects about 3% of the population worldwide. Amblyopia is associated with reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the non-dominant eye. In addition, the majority of individuals with amblyopia do not have measurable stereopsis or the ability to perceive depth from binocular information, which negatively impacts many tasks of daily life including eye-hand coordination and navigation. While studies have shown that about 25% of the amblyopic population does have residual stereopsis, the retinal locus that mediates this function is unknown. This proposal tests the hypothesis that when stereopsis is present in amblyopia, it is the periphery and not the central visual field that mediates depth perception. The first aim uses a novel procedure to map stereopsis in both central and peripheral locations to determine whether residual stereopsis is in fact mediated by the periphery. Our pilot data suggest that it is the periphery that mediates stereopsis in amblyopia. We will also determine whether this peripheral stereopsis accounts for fusional vergence, the movement of the two eyes to fuse monocular images to form a binocular percept. The second aim examines the relation between residual stereopsis and the documented suppression of the non-dominant eye under conditions of binocular viewing. We will measure the suppression zone for each individual and relate it to the zone of stereo-deficiency measured for that same individual. This within-participant comparison is essential to understanding the relation between suppression and stereo-deficiency in this special group of amblyopic individuals who have residual stereopsis. This group comprises about 50% of those with anisometropia (unequal refractive error), and about 10-40% of those with strabismus (eye deviation). This study will characterize each observer’s capacity for stereopsis across the visual field including the periphery, which has been ignored previously. The third aim will use electroencephalography (EEG) combined with a procedure to localize cortical source that produces the signals to understand the neural basis of suppression in individuals with and without stereopsis, and how well the non-dominant eye signal is represented on its own, and in the presence of a stimulus in the other eye, as well as how the two eyes’ signals are combined at different levels of the cortical hierarchy. If the peripheral visual field has a significant contribution to stereopsis in amblyopia, our study will establish the importance of clinically evaluating the potential for stereopsis in the periphery and for training peripheral locations to improve stereopsis.

摘要 弱视（“懒眼”）是一种视觉皮层的神经发育障碍，发生在生命的早期， 占世界人口的3%。弱视与视力和对比度下降有关 非优势眼的敏感性。此外，大多数患有弱视的个体没有 可测量的立体视觉或从双目信息感知深度的能力，这对 日常生活中的许多任务，包括眼手协调和导航。虽然研究表明， 25%的弱视人群确实有残余立体视，调节这种功能的视网膜位点是 未知这一建议测试的假设，当立体视觉是目前在弱视，这是周边 而不是调节深度感知的中央视野。第一个目标使用了一个新的程序来映射 在中央和周边位置的立体视觉，以确定是否残余立体视觉实际上是介导的 在外围。我们的试验数据表明，这是周边介导的立体视弱视。我们将 还确定这种周边立体视觉是否解释了融合聚散，即两个物体的运动， 眼睛来融合单目图像以形成双目视觉。第二个目的是考察 残余立体视和记录的抑制非优势眼条件下的双眼 观看。我们将测量每个人的抑制区，并将其与立体声缺陷区联系起来 测量同一个人。这种参与者内部的比较对于理解 在这个特殊的弱视个体群体中， 立体视觉这一组包括约50%的屈光参差（不等屈光不正）患者， 10-40%的人斜视（眼睛偏离）。这项研究将描述每个观察员的能力， 包括周边在内的整个视野的立体视觉，这在以前被忽略了。第三个目标将 使用脑电图（EEG）结合程序来定位产生脑电的皮质源， 信号，以了解抑制在个体和没有立体视觉的神经基础，以及如何以及 在另一只眼睛中存在刺激的情况下，非优势眼信号被单独表示为 以及两只眼睛的信号是如何在皮层的不同层次上结合起来的。如果外围 视野对弱视立体视有重要的贡献，我们的研究将确立 临床上评估周边立体视觉的潜力和训练周边位置以改善 立体视觉