Maximizing Visual Potential in Age-related Macular Degeneration

摘要 年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)影响着美国约13.5%的60岁以上人口和 影响视野的中央部分，它提供高清晰度的视觉功能，并充当 眼球运动的参考点。功能丧失的类型取决于暗点的程度 在两只眼睛里重叠着。当两眼的暗点位置重叠并包括中心凹时， 由此导致的双眼中央视野丧失(CFL)会严重影响日常生活，特别是需要高度集中精力的任务。 视力敏锐，如阅读。双眼CFL也会导致个体采用偏心的首选视网膜 凝视轨迹(PRL)，这需要几年的时间才能成为眼球运动和 使简单的目标导向行为复杂化，例如找到感兴趣的项目。我们将调查这些挑战 将PRL用于视觉运动行为，并研究协调眼睛和手的运动是否可以 促进向PRL过渡，将其作为动眼神经参考(目标1)。我们还将应对以下挑战 与双眼暗点重叠无关。具体地说，个人可能会经历 与双眼暗点相对应的视野部分的立体视觉，无论他们的 暗点是双眼或单眼，导致在近空间和空间的眼手协调任务困难。 有导航楼梯和下车的功能。为了应对这些挑战，我们将调查 周边调节立体视觉(目标2)。我们还将研究单眼线索的潜力，如运动 视差来调节深度感知，特别是对于那些在一个 眼睛(目标3)。总而言之，我们的研究计划试图了解双眼暗点的影响以及更多 黄斑变性患者眼球运动、手眼协调和活动度的广泛立体盲区， 在双目、真实世界的观察条件下。

ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects about 13.5% of the U.S population over the age of 60 and impacts the central part of the visual field, which provides high-acuity visual function and serves as the reference point for eye movements. The type of functional loss depends on the extent to which the scotomata in the two eyes overlap. When the scotomata locations in the two eyes overlap and include the fovea, the resultant binocular central field loss (CFL) can significantly impact daily life, particularly tasks that require high- acuity vision, such as reading. Binocular CFL also causes individuals to adopt an eccentric preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation, which takes several years to become the reference for eye movements and complicates simple goal-directed behavior such as finding items of interest. We will investigate the challenges of using the PRL for visuomotor behavior and investigate whether coordinated eye and hand movements can facilitate the transition to the PRL as an oculomotor reference (Aim 1). We will also address challenges that are independent of the overlap of the scotomata in the two eyes. Specifically, individuals can experience loss of stereopsis in the parts of the visual field that correspond to a scotoma in either eye, regardless of whether their scotoma is binocular or monocular, leading to difficulty with eye-hand coordination tasks in near space and with navigating stairs and drop-offs. To address these challenges, we will investigate the potential for the periphery to mediate stereopsis (Aim 2). We will also examine the potential of monocular cues such as motion parallax to mediate depth perception, particularly for those individuals who have spared central fields in one eye (Aim 3). In sum, our research plan seeks to understand the impact of binocular scotomata and more extensive stereo-blind zones on eye movements, hand-eye coordination, and mobility in macular degeneration, under binocular, real world viewing conditions.