Maximizing Visual Potential in Age-related Macular Degeneration

摘要 视网膜相关性黄斑变性（AMD）影响约13.5%的60岁以上的美国人口， 影响视野的中心部分，提供高敏锐度的视觉功能，并作为 眼睛运动的参考点。功能丧失的类型取决于暗点 两只眼睛重叠。当双眼中的暗点位置重叠并包括中央凹时， 由此产生的双眼中央视野丧失（CFL）会严重影响日常生活，特别是需要高强度视觉刺激的任务。 敏锐的视觉，如阅读。双眼CFL也会导致个体采用偏心的首选视网膜 用于注视的PRL位点，其需要数年时间才能成为眼球运动的参考， 使简单的目标导向行为（如查找感兴趣的项目）复杂化。我们将调查 使用催乳素的视觉行为，并调查是否协调的眼睛和手的运动， 促进过渡到PRL作为眼科参考（目标1）。我们还将应对 独立于双眼中暗点的重叠。具体来说，个人可能会经历 在对应于任一眼睛中的暗点的视野的部分中的立体视觉，无论他们是否 暗点是双眼或单眼的，导致在近空间中的眼手协调任务困难， 导航楼梯和下车。为了应对这些挑战，我们将研究 周边介导立体视（目的2）。我们还将研究单目线索的潜力，如运动 视差，以调解深度知觉，特别是对于那些人谁已经幸免于中央领域在一个 眼睛（目标3）。总之，我们的研究计划旨在了解双眼暗点的影响， 广泛的立体盲区对眼运动，手眼协调，黄斑变性的流动性， 在双目真实的世界观察条件下。

ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects about 13.5% of the U.S population over the age of 60 and impacts the central part of the visual field, which provides high-acuity visual function and serves as the reference point for eye movements. The type of functional loss depends on the extent to which the scotomata in the two eyes overlap. When the scotomata locations in the two eyes overlap and include the fovea, the resultant binocular central field loss (CFL) can significantly impact daily life, particularly tasks that require high- acuity vision, such as reading. Binocular CFL also causes individuals to adopt an eccentric preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation, which takes several years to become the reference for eye movements and complicates simple goal-directed behavior such as finding items of interest. We will investigate the challenges of using the PRL for visuomotor behavior and investigate whether coordinated eye and hand movements can facilitate the transition to the PRL as an oculomotor reference (Aim 1). We will also address challenges that are independent of the overlap of the scotomata in the two eyes. Specifically, individuals can experience loss of stereopsis in the parts of the visual field that correspond to a scotoma in either eye, regardless of whether their scotoma is binocular or monocular, leading to difficulty with eye-hand coordination tasks in near space and with navigating stairs and drop-offs. To address these challenges, we will investigate the potential for the periphery to mediate stereopsis (Aim 2). We will also examine the potential of monocular cues such as motion parallax to mediate depth perception, particularly for those individuals who have spared central fields in one eye (Aim 3). In sum, our research plan seeks to understand the impact of binocular scotomata and more extensive stereo-blind zones on eye movements, hand-eye coordination, and mobility in macular degeneration, under binocular, real world viewing conditions.