Investigating the brain basis of metacognition with real-time fMRI neurofeedback

利用实时功能磁共振成像神经反馈研究元认知的大脑基础

• 批准号: 10545163
• 负责人: Taylor W Webb
• 金额: $ 2.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-02 至 2022-06-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10545163
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomy; Anterior; Attention; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Clinical; Computer Models; Decision Making; Disease; Environment; Feedback; Frontotemporal Dementia; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impairment; Inferior; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lesion; Life; Lobule; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory; Mental Processes; Monitor; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Source; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Work; behavior measurement; clinically relevant; experimental study; improved; insight; interest; metacognition; neurofeedback; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; tool

Project Summary / Abstract Humans possess a remarkable ability to monitor their own mental processes, a property termed metacognition​​. The proposed research investigates the neural mechanisms that underlie this capacity. Metacognitive judgments are important in everyday life and educational settings, where they play an important role in helping us to evaluate our own decisions​1,2​. Moreover, metacognition is impaired in a number of clinical conditions​3-5​. The proposed research is therefore likely to yield important clinical insights. The proposed research will address two fundamental questions about the neural mechanisms underlying metacognition. The first question concerns whether metacognition in the perceptual and memory domains is supported by the same mechanisms, or by ​domain-specific mechanisms​​. Recent work has suggested that domain-specific mechanisms may exist in both the ​anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC)​​13,14,17​ and the precuneus​​13,14,16​. The proposed research will provide a causal test of these hypotheses by bidirectionally manipulating the content of specific representations in these regions. The second question concerns the distinction between ​metacognitive bias​​ -- one’s overall level of confidence -- and ​metacognitive accuracy​​ -- the extent to which decision confidence is predictive of decision accuracy​23​. A number of experiments have investigated the brain basis of metacognitive bias, but the brain basis of metacognitive accuracy is less well understood. Recent proposals have hypothesized that the ​aPFC plays an important role in metacognitive accuracy by integrating multiple sources of information that may inform a confidence judgment​15,24​. The proposed research will test this hypothesis by bidirectionally manipulating the content of specific representations in the aPFC. To accomplish the proposed research goals, we will use real-time fMRI Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef)​15​. DecNef allows the content of specific neural representations to be manipulated, even allowing different representations within the same brain region to be controlled separately. Because many of the representations of interest overlap within the same region, DecNef is the perfect tool for manipulating these representations in a precise manner, and provides numerous advantages over other approaches. We plan to capitalize on these advantages to answer fundamental questions about the brain basis of metacognition which could not be addressed using previously available approaches. The sponsor’s laboratory is one of a few research groups with extensive expertise in DecNef​12,20,22​, and will be an excellent environment for training in this technique. Training in DecNef will add an important tool to the applicant’s previous training in fMRI, brain stimulation techniques, and computational modeling, and will prepare the applicant to transition to their next stage as an independent researcher.

项目总结/摘要 人类拥有一种非凡的能力来监控自己的心理过程，这种能力被称为 元认知拟议的研究调查了这种能力背后的神经机制。 元认知判断在日常生活和教育环境中很重要，在这些环境中，元认知判断发挥着重要的作用。 帮助我们评估自己的决定1，2.此外，元认知在一些临床上受损， 条件3-5。因此，拟议的研究可能会产生重要的临床见解。 这项拟议中的研究将解决两个关于神经机制的基本问题， 元认知第一个问题是关于感知和记忆领域的元认知是否 由相同的机制或由特定领域的机制支持。最近的研究表明， 特定领域的机制可能存在于前额叶皮层（aPFC）13，14，17和 楔前叶131416拟议的研究将提供一个因果检验这些假设，通过双向 操纵这些区域中特定表示的内容。 第二个问题是关于元认知偏差 --整体水平 置信度和元认知准确度 --决策信心对决策的预测程度 准确性23 .许多实验研究了元认知偏差的大脑基础，但大脑 元认知准确性的基础还不太清楚。最近的提案假设， 在元认知的准确性中起着重要的作用， 通知置信度判断15、24。拟议的研究将通过双向测试这一假设 操纵aPFC中特定表征的内容。 为了实现所提出的研究目标，我们将使用实时fMRI解码神经反馈 （DecNef）15 . DecNef允许操纵特定神经表征的内容，甚至允许 在同一个大脑区域内的不同表征被分别控制。因为许多 如果感兴趣的表示在同一区域内重叠，DecNef是操纵这些表示的完美工具。 该方法以精确的方式来表示，并且提供了优于其他方法的许多优点。我们计划 利用这些优势来回答关于元认知的大脑基础的基本问题， 无法使用以前可用的方法解决。赞助商的实验室是为数不多的 在DecNef 12，20，22中具有广泛专业知识的研究小组，并将成为培训的绝佳环境， 这种技术。在DecNef的培训将增加一个重要的工具，申请人以前的培训功能磁共振成像，脑 刺激技术和计算建模，并将准备申请人过渡到他们的下一个 作为一名独立研究员。

项目成果

Natural statistics support a rational account of confidence biases.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39737-2
• 发表时间: 2023-07-06
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Webb, Taylor W.;Miyoshi, Kiyofumi;So, Tsz Yan;Rajananda, Sivananda;Lau, Hakwan
• 通讯作者: Lau, Hakwan