Wildfires and Infant Health

野火和婴儿健康

• 批准号: 10556632
• 负责人: Michel H Boudreaux
• 金额: $ 61.19万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-10 至 2027-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10556632
• 关键词: Acceleration; Adult; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Birth; Birth Records; Birth Weight; Calendar; Censuses; Communities; County; Death Records; Event; Exposure to; Frequencies; Geography; Gestational Age; Growth; Health; Hospitals; Individual; Infant; Infant Health; Infant Mortality; Life; Link; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Neonatal Mortality; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Pregnancy; Proliferating; Psychosocial Stress; Records; Resolution; Risk; Smoke; Source; Testing; United States; Wildfire; anthropogenesis; climate change; health service use; hospital services; mortality; prenatal; sociodemographics; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of wildfires in the United States. By 2011, 25-40% of all small particulate matter air pollution in the US was attributed to wildfires and the contribution of wildfires to air quality will likely increase as they proliferate and other anthropogenic sources decline. Wildfire produced air pollutants are spread across thousands of miles by prevailing winds. Wildfires, and the air pollutants carried by their smoke plumes, have profound impacts on adult health. However, far less is known about their impacts on infants, who are particularly sensitive to the adverse exposures associated with wildfire events. Air pollution, psychosocial stress, and community disruption in the prenatal period and in the first year of life could adversely impact birthweight, gestational age, hospital service use, and infant mortality. The proposed project will link high-resolution, state-of-the-art exposure measures, developed from satellite observations, ground monitors, and numeric modeling with natality, hospital discharge, and mortality records from 2003-2019. Natality and linked birth-death records cover a near census of births from every US county. Hospital discharge records, from 15 states, include all discharges from all payers, and have been individually linked to birth and death records. The three specific aims are to: (1) Measure the extent and sociodemographic, geographic, and temporal patterns of prenatal and first year of life exposure to smoke-plumes, wildfire produced air pollutants, and local wildfire events; (2) Estimate the impact of total pregnancy and trimester specific wildfire exposure on health at birth, health service use, neonatal and infant mortality; and (3) Examine the moderating influence of socio-demographics and baseline air pollutant exposures. The impact of wildfire exposures on infant health will be estimated in a fixed effects regression framework that isolates the impact of exposure from confounders that predispose infants with different health risks to wildfire exposure. Our approach compares wildfire-exposed infants to wildfire-unexposed infants born in different years, but in the same county and calendar month. Our analytic framework provides a direct method for testing for the presence of pre-existing trends, a principal threat to causal inference. Results from our study will be the first national estimates of infant exposure to wildfires and smoke-plumes, and their impacts on infant health outcomes. Our findings will be critical for mitigation planning as climate change continues to accelerate wildfire growth in the coming decades.

项目摘要 气候变化正在增加美国野火的频率和强度。到2011年， 美国所有的小颗粒物空气污染都归因于野火， 随着它们的扩散和其他人为来源的减少，空气质量可能会提高。野火产生的空气 污染物被盛行风吹到数千英里外。野火和空气污染物 他们的烟雾对成人健康有着深远的影响。然而，人们对它们的影响知之甚少。 婴儿，他们对与野火事件有关的不利暴露特别敏感。空气污染， 产前和出生后第一年的社会心理压力和社区破坏可能对婴儿的健康产生不利影响。 影响出生体重、胎龄、医院服务使用和婴儿死亡率。该项目将连接 高分辨率，最先进的曝光措施，从卫星观测，地面监测， 以及2003-2019年出生率、出院率和死亡率记录的数字建模。出生率和 相关的出生-死亡记录涵盖了美国每个县的出生人口普查。出院记录， 来自15个州，包括所有付款人的所有出院，并与出生和死亡单独联系在一起 记录这三个具体目标是：（1）衡量社会人口、地理和 出生前和出生后第一年暴露于烟羽、野火产生的空气污染物 和当地野火事件;（2）估计总怀孕和三个月特定野火暴露对 出生时健康、卫生服务利用、新生儿和婴儿死亡率;（3）检查以下因素的调节作用： 社会人口统计学和基线空气污染物暴露。野火暴露对婴儿健康的影响将 在固定效应回归框架中进行估计，该框架将暴露的影响与混杂因素隔离开来 使不同健康风险的婴儿更容易接触野火。我们的方法比较了野火暴露 婴儿与未接触野火的婴儿-出生于不同年份，但在同一个县和日历月出生的婴儿。我们 分析框架提供了一种直接的方法来测试预先存在的趋势的存在，这是一个主要的方法 对因果推理的威胁。我们的研究结果将是第一次全国估计婴儿暴露于 野火和烟羽及其对婴儿健康结果的影响。我们的发现将对 减缓规划，因为气候变化将在未来几十年继续加速野火的增长。