The cellular memory of early life adversity

摘要 妊娠和出生后早期的不良经历，因为它们在以后的精神病理后果 生命，对受影响的个人和社会来说是一个沉重的负担。我们确定了一个表观遗传基序 神经元中的2000个基因组区域，通过在甲基化和非甲基化之间的动态切换 国家，可以控制基因的表达。这两种状态之间的随机平衡被早期生命所改变 神经元亚群中的逆境，导致神经元功能异常。我们将测试 假设逆境激活的关键“开关”的甲基化状态发生永久性变化 神经元代表了早期生活中不利经历的“细胞记忆”。逆境诱发的表观遗传学 变化增加了神经元的兴奋性，使它们在 行为任务。这反过来又增加了电路对新的/应激刺激的反应性，表现为 在以后的生活中被夸大的恐惧反应/焦虑。除了理论上的含义(编码环境 通过二元表观遗传开关的影响)，我们的工作具有翻译意义。DNA的敏感性 基于甲基化的开关(由于它们的亚稳定性)，与表观遗传的其他开关相比更稳定 基因组，为他们提供了一个机会，选择性地操纵，以减轻ELA的不利影响。

Abstract Gestational and early postnatal adverse experiences, because of their psychopathological consequences later in life, represent a significant burden for the affected individual and society. We identified an epigenetic motif at two thousand genomic regions in neurons that, via dynamic switching between methylated and unmethylated states, may control gene expression. The stochastic balance between the two states is altered by early life adversity in a subpopulation of neurons, resulting in abnormal neuronal functioning. We will test the hypothesis that permanent changes in the methylation state of key “switches” in the adversity-activated neurons represent the “cellular memory” of early life adverse experiences. Adversity-induced epigenetic changes increase the excitability of neurons, making them permanently eligible for recruitment during behavioral tasks. This in turn, increases the responsiveness of the circuit to novel/stressful stimuli, manifested as exaggerated fear reaction/anxiety later in life. Besides of the theoretical implications (coding environmental effects via binary epigenetic switches), our work has translational significance. The sensitivity of DNA methylation based switches (due to their metastability), compared to the rest of the epigenetically more stable genome, provides an opportunity for their selective manipulation to mitigate the adverse effects of ELA.