Using vortical airflow to pressurize the upper airway without a tight seal during CPAP therapy

在 CPAP 治疗期间使用涡流气流对上呼吸道加压，无需紧密密封

• 批准号: 10594761
• 负责人: Liran Oren
• 金额: $ 40.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-05 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594761
• 关键词: Aerospace Engineering; Affect; Air Movements; Breathing; Cannulas; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Clinical effectiveness; Collaborations; Computers; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Data; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Ensure; Equipment; Evaluation; Face; Feedback; Goals; Habits; Human; Image; Individual; Industry; Marketing; Masks; Muscle relaxation phase; Nose; Obstruction; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Patients; Penetration; Pharyngeal structure; Phenotype; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Production; Property; Reapplication; Recommendation; Risk; Security; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Treatment Failure; Universities; Work; adverse outcome; airway obstruction; base; clinical efficacy; commercialization; compliance behavior; data acquisition; design; laptop; manufacture; new technology; non-compliance; pharynx muscle; positive airway pressure; preference; pressure; prevent; product development; programs; prototype; pulmonary function; seal; soft tissue; stem; therapy adherence

PROJECT SUMMARY Despite the clinical effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), patient compliance with the therapy remains a major cause of treatment failure. This chronic sleep-related breathing disorder that affects 5-10% of the population is associated with various serious adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. OSA involves a decrease or complete halt in airflow despite an ongoing breathing effort. It occurs when muscles relax during sleep, causing soft tissues in the posterior pharynx to collapse and obstruct the upper airway. CPAP, which is broadly considered first-line therapy for OSA, keeps the upper airway open with positive airway pressure to prevent airway obstruction by the collapse of the soft tissues. However, CPAP requires a tight seal between the mask and the patient's face closed system to maintain airway pressure. Although effective when used consistently, CPAP is not well tolerated by many patients largely due to the discomfort of the tight-fitting mask of current devices. A promising new development derives from our recent work based on the re-application of “vortical airflow,” a flow control mechanism commonly used in aerospace engineering applications. The unique aerodynamic properties of vortical airflow enable it to pressurize the upper airways without the need for a tight-fitting mask. The current project is designed to accomplish two critical milestones. First, the current prototype will be advanced to function as a stand-alone unit with an overall size similar to currently marketed CPAP devices. Second, it will demonstrate that the nasal interface of the new prototype is more comfortable than CPAP masks.

项目总结 尽管持续正压治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停疗效显著 (OSA)，患者对治疗的依从性仍然是治疗失败的主要原因。这与慢性睡眠有关 影响5%-10%人口的呼吸障碍与各种严重的不良后果有关， 包括心血管疾病。OSA涉及气流减少或完全停止，尽管正在进行 呼吸努力。睡眠时肌肉放松，导致咽后部软组织萎缩。 塌陷并阻塞上呼吸道。CPAP被广泛认为是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的一线治疗方法，它保持了 上呼吸道开放，正压，防止软组织塌陷造成的呼吸道阻塞。 然而，CPAP需要在面罩和患者面部闭合系统之间进行紧密密封以维持呼吸道 压力。尽管持续使用CPAP有效，但许多患者对CPAP的耐受性不佳，主要原因是 当前设备紧贴面具的不适。 一个有希望的新发展来自我们最近的工作，基于“涡旋气流”的重新应用， 航空航天工程中常用的流量控制机构。独特的空气动力学 涡流的特性使其能够在不需要紧贴口罩的情况下对上呼吸道进行加压。 目前的项目旨在实现两个关键里程碑。首先，当前的原型将是先进的 作为一个整体尺寸类似于当前市场上销售的CPAP设备的独立单元发挥作用。其次，它将 证明新样机的鼻部界面比CPAP面罩更舒适。