Using vortical airflow to pressurize the upper airway without a tight seal during CPAP therapy

在 CPAP 治疗期间使用涡流气流对上呼吸道加压，无需紧密密封

• 批准号: 10594761
• 负责人: Liran Oren
• 金额: $ 40.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-05 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594761
• 关键词: Aerospace Engineering; Affect; Air Movements; Breathing; Cannulas; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Clinical effectiveness; Collaborations; Computers; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Data; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Ensure; Equipment; Evaluation; Face; Feedback; Goals; Habits; Human; Image; Individual; Industry; Marketing; Masks; Muscle relaxation phase; Nose; Obstruction; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Patients; Penetration; Pharyngeal structure; Phenotype; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Production; Property; Reapplication; Recommendation; Risk; Security; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Treatment Failure; Universities; Work; adverse outcome; airway obstruction; base; clinical efficacy; commercialization; compliance behavior; data acquisition; design; laptop; manufacture; new technology; non-compliance; pharynx muscle; positive airway pressure; preference; pressure; prevent; product development; programs; prototype; pulmonary function; seal; soft tissue; stem; therapy adherence

PROJECT SUMMARY Despite the clinical effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), patient compliance with the therapy remains a major cause of treatment failure. This chronic sleep-related breathing disorder that affects 5-10% of the population is associated with various serious adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. OSA involves a decrease or complete halt in airflow despite an ongoing breathing effort. It occurs when muscles relax during sleep, causing soft tissues in the posterior pharynx to collapse and obstruct the upper airway. CPAP, which is broadly considered first-line therapy for OSA, keeps the upper airway open with positive airway pressure to prevent airway obstruction by the collapse of the soft tissues. However, CPAP requires a tight seal between the mask and the patient's face closed system to maintain airway pressure. Although effective when used consistently, CPAP is not well tolerated by many patients largely due to the discomfort of the tight-fitting mask of current devices. A promising new development derives from our recent work based on the re-application of “vortical airflow,” a flow control mechanism commonly used in aerospace engineering applications. The unique aerodynamic properties of vortical airflow enable it to pressurize the upper airways without the need for a tight-fitting mask. The current project is designed to accomplish two critical milestones. First, the current prototype will be advanced to function as a stand-alone unit with an overall size similar to currently marketed CPAP devices. Second, it will demonstrate that the nasal interface of the new prototype is more comfortable than CPAP masks.

项目摘要 尽管持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的临床效果 (OSA)患者对治疗的依从性仍然是治疗失败的主要原因。这种慢性睡眠相关的 影响5-10%人群的呼吸障碍与各种严重不良后果相关， 包括心血管疾病。OSA涉及气流减少或完全停止，尽管正在进行 呼吸努力。它发生在睡眠中肌肉放松时，导致后咽部的软组织 塌陷并阻塞上呼吸道。CPAP被广泛认为是OSA的一线治疗， 用气道正压打开上气道，以防止软组织塌陷造成气道阻塞。 然而，CPAP需要面罩和患者面部封闭系统之间的紧密密封，以维持气道 压力尽管持续使用时有效，但许多患者对CPAP的耐受性不佳，主要是由于 现有设备的紧身面罩的不适。 一个有希望的新发展来自于我们最近的工作，该工作基于“涡旋气流”的重新应用， 通常用于航空航天工程应用的流量控制机构。独特的空气动力学 涡流气流的特性使其能够对上气道加压，而不需要紧密配合的面罩。 目前的项目旨在实现两个关键的里程碑。首先，目前的原型将先进 作为整体尺寸类似于当前市售CPAP装置的独立单元起作用。二是会 证明新原型的鼻接口比CPAP面罩更舒适。