SAND FLY AND TICK SALIVA AND DISEASE

每种吸血节肢动物的唾液都是疾病的媒介 从疟疾和利什曼病到莱姆病) 到目前为止检查过的分子中都含有极强的分子 具有药理或免疫抑制作用的药物也被发现 增强它们对这些媒介传播的病原体的传染性。 沙蝇的唾液(利什曼病的媒介)戏剧性地 增加小鼠的利什曼原虫感染，并可以确定 利什曼原虫能够成功地在宿主中建立感染。 因此，给人类接种这些不同种类的疫苗是可能的 通过接种针对媒介唾液中的分子的疫苗来预防疾病 在宿主中建立感染的病原体。 这个应用程序试图识别唾液中能增强 感染宿主，并确定是否接种这些疫苗 分子将使宿主抵抗病原体的感染。 当它通过相关的载体传递给主机时。一种基因 一种蛋白质的密码提供了针对挑战的显著保护 沙蝇唾液和利什曼原虫的混合物。因为媒介唾液 显然在疾病传播和病理中扮演着重要的角色， 这项工作还将剖析 唾液的免疫抑制作用。沙蝇唾液抑制了几种 巨噬细胞的重要功能：提呈抗原和 产生H202和一氧化氮。因此，负责的机制 这些观察结果将被分析。 莱姆病正迅速成为美国的严重健康问题 各州。最近的实验表明，有一个极端的 滴虫载体唾液中的有效免疫抑制蛋白 莱姆病，主食硬蜱。我们将克隆编码这一基因的基因 蛋白质，并确定其产品是否增强了对 莱姆病的民族学病原体伯氏疏螺旋体。

The saliva of every blood-sucking arthropod vector for disease (diseases that range from malaria and leishmaniasis to Lyme disease) that has been examined thus far has been found to contain extremely potent molecules that have either pharmacological or immunosuppressive being found to also enhance their infectivity of the pathogens that theses vectors transmit. The saliva of the sand fly (the vector for leishmania) dramatically augments infection with Leishmania in mice and can determine whether Leishmania is able to successfully establish infection in the host. Therefore, it may be possible to vaccinate humans against these various diseases by vaccinating against the molecules in vector saliva that allow the pathogen to establish infection in the host. This application seeks to identify the factors in saliva that enhance infection in the host and to determine whether vaccination with these molecules will make the host resistant to infection with the pathogen when it is transmitted to the host by the relevant vector. A gene that codes for one protein confers significant protection against a challenge with a mixture of sand fly saliva plus Leishmania. Since vector saliva clearly plays an important role in disease transmission and pathology, the work will also dissect the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of saliva. Sand fly saliva inhibits several important functions of macrophage: the ability to present antigen and to produce H202 and nitric oxide. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for these observations will be analyzed. Lyme disease is rapidly becoming a serious health problem in the United States. Recent experiments demonstrated that there is an extremely potent immunosuppressive protein in the saliva of the tick vector for Lyme disease, Ixodes domini. We will clone the gene that codes for this protein and determine whether its product enhances infection with the ethnological agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi.