GENETIC AND BIOBEHAVIORAL MARKERS OF DIETARY COMPLIANCE

女性患乳腺癌的风险增加与 脂肪消费量增加，而脂肪消费量不足 蔬菜和水果。针对癌症的饮食指南 预防建议减脂饮食和/或食用 每天至少五份水果和蔬菜(每天5份 计划)。然而，饮食行为往往是牢固确立的， 人们对饮食改变的障碍和 饮食癌症预防方案遵从性的预测因素。 我们已经确定了两个独立的味觉标记，可能是 与蔬菜和脂肪的不同消费有关， 分别进行了分析。第一个标记是基因介导的 对正丙基硫氧嘧啶(道具)的苦味敏感。在……里面 过去的研究表明，对苦味食物的排斥 十字花科蔬菜，一直与道具品尝师地位挂钩。我们的 假说是道具上的“超级品尝者”的特征是 习惯性的低蔬菜消费量，并将被证明对 一天五餐的节食计划。第二个味觉标记是感官 对糖/脂肪混合物的偏好。对甜味剂的反应 模型系统中的乳制品被认为可以预测人们的喜好 乳制品脂肪，女性饱和脂肪的主要来源。如果 有两个因素可以与消费模式联系在一起，它们可能起到 作为饮食暴露于致癌物质的标志 风险。 因此，我们将检查味觉标记状态和脂肪和 乳房活检患者的类胡萝卜素摄入量。 膳食摄入量评估将使用FFQ工具和4天 电话管理的24小时召回。对蔬菜的偏好 高脂肪食品将通过问卷调查来确定 乐器。这项研究将进一步将类胡萝卜素摄入量与 血浆和组织类胡萝卜素水平(根据IRPU-2获得)，以及 研究它们对雌激素受体表达的影响和 缝隙连接蛋白(IRPG-4和IRPG-5)。该项目还将 根据一天五餐计划监测饮食依从性，并 每天补充30毫克的β-胡萝卜素。我们假设 道具品尝者的状态和脂肪偏好特征将预测饮食 遵从性，作为成功的遗传和生物行为标志 或者饮食预防癌症的失败。

Increased risk of breast cancer in women has been associated with increased consumption of fats and inadequate consumption of vegetables and fruits. Dietary guidelines aimed at cancer prevention recommend a reduced-fat diet and/or the consumption of at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day (5-A-Day program). However, dietary behaviors tend to be firmly established, and little is known about barriers to dietary change and the predictors of compliance with dietary cancer prevention regimes. We have identified two separate taste markers that may be associated with differential consumption of vegetables and fats, respectively. The first marker is the genetically-mediated sensitivity to the bitter taste of n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In past studies, the rejection of bitter-tasting foods, notably cruciferous vegetables, has been linked to PROP taster status. Our hypothesis is that PROP "supertasters" will be characterized by a habitually low vegetable consumption, and will prove resistant to the 5-A-Day diet plan. The second taste marker is the sensory preference profile for sugar/fat mixtures. Response to sweetened dairy products in a model system is thought to predict preferences for dairy fats, a major source of saturated fat in women. If the two factors can be linked to consumption patterns, they may serve as markers of dietary exposure to substances that alter cancer risk. We will therefore examine taste marker status and fat and carotenoid intakes in patients undergoing breast biopsy procedure. Dietary intake assessment will employ an FFQ instrument and 4 days of telephone-administered 24-hr recalls. Preferences for vegetables and high-fat foods will be established using a questionnaire instrument. The study will further link carotenoid intakes with plasma and tissue carotenoid levels (obtained under IRPU-2), and examine their impact on the expression of estrogen receptors and gap-junction proteins (IRPG-4 and IRPG-5). This project will also monitor compliance with a diet based on the 5-A-Day program and supplemented with 30 mg/day beta-carotene. We hypothesize that PROP taster status and fat preference profiles will predict dietary compliance, serving as genetic and biobehavioral markers of success or failure in dietary cancer prevention.