DRUG USE IN THE WORKPLACE--PREVALENCE, REASONS, & IMPACT

本申请建议继续进行研究计划， 流行病学和工作场所吸毒的后果。 它 述及改进吸毒评估方法的必要性， 就业环境中的相关因素，以及这些因素与 组织结构和补救政策，如涉及 尿检和EAP 具体目标有三：（1）考察 雇员调查的替代方法，以改善流行率估计， 自我报告的数据（通常代表低端估计数） 使用和其他问题行为，通过检查各种替代措施 涉及主格技巧，态度原型， （2）开发调查工具，用于评估 公司处理药物滥用的政策和程序， 心理测量特性，将很容易适用于广泛的 各种就业环境-特别是人数较少的就业环境 员工和有限的资源;（3）复制调查 仪器组件跨时间和不同的就业环境， 研究估计数的稳定性以及药物使用的变化 流行率和员工的态度，与转变， 组织结构和政策。 早些时候的两年NIDA赠款用于试点测试调查技术， 一个大型的市政环境，基于近2000个分层样本， 德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的市政雇员。 拟议的五年延续期 将扩大研究计划，包括另一个大城市（福特 沃思）以及几个较小的郊区或农村城市， 私人公司。 对1000名分层抽样的重复调查 沃斯堡的城市雇员将在第1年和第4年进行，1000 圣安东尼奥的城市雇员将在第二年重新调查， 规模较小的组织将在第三年接受调查。 第五年将使用 完成数据分析，包括比较不同时间的结果， 跨研究中心，并发表研究结果。 基于之前圣安东尼奥成功使用的程序 调查时，将随机选择完整的员工工作组， 代表了管理层、熟练技术人员、文职人员的各个领域， 和服务工作类别。 参与是自愿的，但 将作出认真的努力，通过使用咨询服务， 管理层和雇员代表组成的小组， 向工作组通报目的、时间安排和 调查的保密性。 在圣安东尼奥，75%的员工 对这一战略作出了合作回应（同意这一战略的比例相同 提供尿液样本作尿液分析）。 自我- 报告数据将与随机尿液检测结果进行比较， EAP转介由沃斯堡市进行，50% 圣安东尼奥受访者的样本将用于尿液检测 在调查管理之后。 调查结果将以 反馈给参与的站点及其员工，以及 在专业会议和专业文献中提出。

This application proposes to continue a program of research into the epidemiology and consequences of drug use in the workplace. It addresses the needs to improve methodologies for assessing drug use and associated factors in employment settings, and how these relate to organization structure and remedial policies such as those involving urine testing and EAPs. There are three specific aims: (1) to examine employee survey alternatives for improving prevalence estimates based on self-report data (which generally represent low-end estimates) for drug use and other problem behaviors by examining various surrogate measures involving nominative techniques, attitude prototypes, and least preferred co-workers; (2) to develop survey instruments for assessing company policies and procedures dealing with drug abuse which have good psychometric properties and which will be readily applicable to a wide variety of employment settings -- especially those with smaller numbers of employees and limited resources; and (3) to replicate the survey instrument components across time and different employment settings for studying stability of estimates as well as changes in drug use prevalence and employee attitudes that are related to shifts in organizational structure and policies. An earlier 2-year NIDA grant was used to pilot-test survey techniques in a large municipal setting, based on a stratified sample of almost 2000 city employees in San Antonio, Texas. The proposed 5-year continuation will expand the research program to include another large city (Fort Worth) as well as several smaller suburban or rural municipalities and private companies. Replicated surveys on a stratified sample of 1000 city employees in Fort Worth will be conducted in Years 1 and 4, 1000 city employees in San Antonio will be resurveyed in Year 2, and several smaller organizations with be surveyed in Year 3. Year 5 will be used to finish data analyses involving comparisons of results across time and across sites, and publication of findings. Based on procedures successfully used in the previous San Antonio survey, intact employee workgroups will be selected randomly and represent a cross-section of management, skilled technical, clerical, and services job categories. Participation will be voluntary, but careful efforts will be made to maximize cooperation by using advisory groups of management and employee representatives in a coordinated strategy to inform workgroups of the purpose, timing, and confidentiality of the survey. In San Antonio, 75% of employees responded cooperatively to this strategy (and the same percentage agreed to provide urine specimens after the survey for urinalyses). Self- report data will be compared with results of random urine testing and EAP referrals being conducted by the City of Fort Worth, and a 50% sample of the San Antonio respondents will be targeted for urine testing following the survey administration. Survey results will be given as feedback to participating sites and their employees, as well as be presented at professional meetings and in the professional literature.