SECURITY OF ATTACHMENT AND FRIENDSHIP FORMATION

安全的依恋和友谊的形成

• 批准号: 3430007
• 负责人: KATHRYN A KERNS
• 金额: $ 6.65万
• 依托单位: KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-01 至 1995-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3430007
• 关键词: child behavior; dyadic interaction; emotions; friendships; human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; mother child interaction; parents; peer group; play; preschool child (1-5); questionnaires; videotape /videodisc

Bowlby's theory of child-parent attachment predicts that children who develop a secure relationship with their mother, compared to children who become insecurely attached to their mother, will have less difficulty establishing harmonious relationships with nonfamily members. Although a number of studies have shown that securely attached children are more socially competent around peers, no studies have examined links between mother-child attachment and the ability to form new peer relationships. In addition, in previous studies of attachment and peer interaction investigators have utilized global measures of positive and negative behaviors rather than looking at the particular social processes hypothesized to be important to peer relationships. The distinctive feature of this application is that it draws upon both Bowlby's theory of attachment and Gottman's theory of friendship formation to describe more precisely the associations between attachment security and peer relationships. More specifically, this application: 1) Tests the hypothesis that securely attached children progress more quickly toward friendship with a peer; 2) Provides a theoretically driven analysis of securely and insecurely attached children's friendship formation skills; 3) Tests the hypothesis that securely attached children elicit more positive behavior from peers as well as directing more positive behavior towards peers; 4) Examines whether a third variable, parental management of peer contacts, explains any obtained associations between attachment and friendship formation. These aims will be achieved by studying friendship formation in previously unacquainted pairs of 3-4 year-old children. Attachment security will be measured with the Attachment Q-set. Progression toward friendship will be indexed by behavioral coding of children's interactions, child mood assessment, and maternal report. Parental management of peer contacts will be assessed via phone interviews with parents. Relationships are dyadic in nature, with the relationship history of each participant influencing the relationship. For this reason the association between attachment and friendship formation will be studied by comparing dyads in which both children are securely attached to dyads in which one child is securely attached and the other insecurely attached to mother. The results aid in understanding how parent-child relationships influence the formation of new social bonds.

鲍尔比的亲子依恋理论预测， 与母亲建立安全的关系，相比之下， 变得不安全地依附于他们的母亲， 与非家庭成员建立和谐的关系。 虽然 许多研究表明，安全型依恋的孩子 在同龄人周围的社会能力，没有研究探讨之间的联系 母子依恋和形成新的同伴关系的能力。 此外，在以往的依恋和同伴互动的研究中， 调查人员利用全球积极和消极的措施， 行为而不是观察特定的社会过程 被认为对同伴关系很重要。 鲜明 这个应用程序的特点是，它借鉴了鲍尔比的理论， Gottman的友谊形成理论来描述 更确切地说，连接安全性和对等体之间的关联 关系。 更具体地，该应用：1）测试 假设安全型依恋的儿童更快地 与同伴的友谊; 2）提供了一个理论驱动的分析， 安全依恋与非安全依恋儿童的友谊形成技能; 3)测试了安全依恋儿童引发更多 积极的行为，以及指导更多的积极行为， 4）研究第三个变量，父母的管理， 的同伴接触，解释了任何获得的关联之间的附件 和友谊的形成。 这些目标将通过研究友谊的形成来实现， 以前不认识的3-4岁的孩子对。 附接 安全性将使用Attachment Q-set进行测量。 前进的方向 友谊将通过儿童的行为编码来索引 互动，儿童情绪评估和母亲报告。 父母 同行联系的管理将通过电话访谈进行评估， 父母 关系本质上是二元的， 每个参与者影响关系的历史。 为此 原因是依恋和友谊形成之间的联系 通过比较两个孩子都安全的二人组来研究 附着于一个孩子牢固附着而另一个孩子 不安全地依附于母亲。 这些结果有助于理解 亲子关系影响新的社会纽带的形成。