AERODYNAMICS OF PHONATION

这项研究的长期目标是：(1)开发一种 喉部气流的综合理论将预测 压力和速度分布，并给出了一个估计 声门内的空气动力；这不仅适用于 提高我们对发音的理解，也是一种直接 在语音产生的计算机模拟中的应用，(2) 探讨影响喉组织生物力学性能的因素 关于流体动力学(边界效应)；这将推动我们的 了解机械压力引起的发声障碍，并可能 在未来人工喉的设计和实施中将是有用的。 预计一种新开发的计算技术将产生 在对速度剖面和气动力的准确预测中 在声门里。最终，这次调查的结果将是 有助于理解音高、音量和音量的机理 质量控制，以及自振荡特性的控制 声带。这项研究既是实验性质的，也是理论性质的。 第一阶段考虑喉部的稳定流动。实验将会 被用来测量各种不同的空气速度和压力 喉部的有机玻璃模型，以及犬切除的喉部。另外， 将开发一个数值模型来求解运动方程。 通过喉部的呼吸道。第一阶段的实验数据和来自 喉组织的生物力学研究将被用来验证 理论模型。第二阶段将考虑脉动流，包括和 没有组织运动。将进行实验来测量 切除喉组织中速度和压力的时间依赖性 有机玻璃模型。理论模型将被扩展到预测 非定常速度和压力分布。

The long-range objectives of this research are: (1) to develop a comprehensive theory of airflow in the larynx that will predict the pressure and velocity distributions and give an estimate of the aerodynamic forces inside the glottis; this will be useful not only in improving our understanding of phonation, but also as a direct application to computer simulation of speech production, (2) to investigate the effects of biomechanical properties of laryngeal tissues on fluid dynamics (the boundary effects); this will further our understanding of voice disorders caused by mechanical stresses and may be useful in future design and implementation of an artificial larynx. It is expected that a newly-developed computation technique will result in an accurate prediction of the velocity profile and aerodynamic forces in the glottis. Ultimately, the results of this investigation will be useful in the understanding the mechanisms of pitch, loudness, and quality control, and of the self-oscillation characteristics of the vocal folds. The study is both experimental and theoretical in nature. The first phase considers steady flow in the larynx. Experiments will be conducted to measure the air velocity and pressure in various plexiglass models of the larynx, and in canine excised larynges. Also, a numerical model will be developed to solve the equations of motion through laryngeal airways. Experimental data of phase one and data from biomechanical studies of laryngeal tissue will be used to validate the theoretical model. Phase two will consider pulsatile flow, with and without tissue movements. Experiments will be conducted to measure the time dependence of velocity and pressure in the excised larynx and the plexiglass models. The theoretical model will be extended to predict the unsteady velocity and pressure distribution.