VESTIBULAR REGULATION OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ACTIVITY

前庭系统产生许多代偿反应， 加速度施加在头部。 可能是最不为人所知的 这些是前庭对胸部和腹部“呼吸”的影响， 肌肉也有姿势和心血管功能。 目标 这个项目的目的是确定这两个功能的重要性， 前庭诱发的呼吸肌反应和神经基质 产生这些反应。 实验将使用 《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》， 关于前庭和呼吸系统。 将进行两种类型的实验，以深入了解 前庭呼吸反应的功能意义，使用 去大脑猫制剂。 首先，回应的程度将是 考察 特别是，我们将确定肌肉的活动是否 上呼吸道，如胸腔的呼吸肌 和腹部，受到前庭电刺激的影响 神经。 第二，多个垂直平面的自然前庭刺激 并且在水平面中将用于确定方向 呼吸肌反应的灵敏度和动力学。 产生前庭呼吸反应的神经基质 用三种类型的实验来检验。 第一，顺行性 神经解剖示踪剂菜豆白细胞凝集素（PHA-L）将被 离子电渗注射到内侧和相邻的下 前庭神经核以确定哪些区域含有呼吸神经元 可以接收直接的前庭输入。 内侧核和下核为 选择研究，因为它们是必不可少的调解 前庭呼吸反应 第二，延髓的反应， 呼吸神经元的电和自然前庭输入将 测定 我们的初步数据表明，至少有一些 神经元对前庭刺激有反应。 最后，髓质 将使用奇努克酸显微注射灭活呼吸组 以确定它们在介导前庭-呼吸 应答

The vestibular system produces a number of compensatory responses to accelerations imposed upon the head. Probably the least understood of these are vestibular influences on thoracic and abdominal "respiratory" muscles which also have postural and cardiovascular functions. The goal of this project is to determine both the functional significance of vestibular-evoked respiratory muscle responses and the neural substrate that produces these responses. Experiments will be conducted using the cat, for which there is considerable relevant background information concerning the vestibular and respiratory systems. Two types of experiments will be performed to gain insight into the functional significance of vestibular-respiratory responses, using the decerebrate cat preparation. First, the extent of the responses will be examined. In particular, we will determine if the activity of the muscles of the upper airway, like that of the respiratory muscles of the thorax and abdomen, is influenced by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Second, natural vestibular stimulation in multiple vertical planes and in the horizontal plane will be used to determine the directional sensitivity and dynamics of the respiratory muscle response. The neural substrate that produces the vestibulo-respiratory response will be examined using three types of experiments. First, the anterograde neuroanatomical tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) will be iontophoretically injected into the medial and adjacent inferior vestibular nuclei to determine which areas containing respiratory neurons may receive direct vestibular inputs. The medial and inferior nuclei were chosen for study since they are known to be essential for mediating vestibulo-respiratory responses. Second, the responses of medullary respiratory neurons to electrical and natural vestibular input will be determined. Our preliminary data indicate that at least some of these neurons are responsive to vestibular stimulation. Finally, medullary respiratory groups will be inactivated using chinook acid microinjections to determine their importance in mediating vestibulo-respiratory responses.