VESTIBULAR REGULATION OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ACTIVITY

前庭系统产生许多代偿性反应 对头部施加的加速。可能是最不被理解的 这些都是前庭对胸腹部“呼吸”的影响。 肌肉还具有姿势和心血管功能。目标是 这个项目的目的是确定两个功能的意义 前庭诱发呼吸肌反应与神经底物 这就产生了这些反应。实验将使用 《禁止酷刑公约》，其中有相当多的相关背景信息 关于前庭和呼吸系统。 将进行两种类型的实验，以深入了解 前庭呼吸反应的功能意义，使用 去掉CAT准备的大脑。首先，回应的范围将是 检查过了。特别是，我们将确定肌肉的活动是否 上呼吸道的，如胸腔呼吸肌的 和腹部，受前庭电刺激的影响 很有胆量。第二，多个垂直平面的自然前庭刺激 并在水平面上用来确定方向 呼吸肌反应的敏感性和动力学。 产生前庭呼吸反应的神经底物将 通过三种类型的实验进行检验。第一，顺势而为 神经解剖示踪剂菜豆亮氨酸凝集素(PHA-L) 向内侧及邻近下侧注入离子 前庭核团以确定哪些区域含有呼吸神经元 可以接受前庭的直接输入。内侧核和下侧核为 选择进行研究是因为已知它们对调解是必不可少的 前庭-呼吸反应。第二，延髓的反应 呼吸神经元以电和自然的前庭输入将 下定决心。我们的初步数据显示，其中至少有一部分 神经元对前庭刺激有反应。最后，延髓 呼吸群将使用Chinook酸微量注射灭活 确定它们在调节前庭呼吸道中的重要性 回应。

The vestibular system produces a number of compensatory responses to accelerations imposed upon the head. Probably the least understood of these are vestibular influences on thoracic and abdominal "respiratory" muscles which also have postural and cardiovascular functions. The goal of this project is to determine both the functional significance of vestibular-evoked respiratory muscle responses and the neural substrate that produces these responses. Experiments will be conducted using the cat, for which there is considerable relevant background information concerning the vestibular and respiratory systems. Two types of experiments will be performed to gain insight into the functional significance of vestibular-respiratory responses, using the decerebrate cat preparation. First, the extent of the responses will be examined. In particular, we will determine if the activity of the muscles of the upper airway, like that of the respiratory muscles of the thorax and abdomen, is influenced by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Second, natural vestibular stimulation in multiple vertical planes and in the horizontal plane will be used to determine the directional sensitivity and dynamics of the respiratory muscle response. The neural substrate that produces the vestibulo-respiratory response will be examined using three types of experiments. First, the anterograde neuroanatomical tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) will be iontophoretically injected into the medial and adjacent inferior vestibular nuclei to determine which areas containing respiratory neurons may receive direct vestibular inputs. The medial and inferior nuclei were chosen for study since they are known to be essential for mediating vestibulo-respiratory responses. Second, the responses of medullary respiratory neurons to electrical and natural vestibular input will be determined. Our preliminary data indicate that at least some of these neurons are responsive to vestibular stimulation. Finally, medullary respiratory groups will be inactivated using chinook acid microinjections to determine their importance in mediating vestibulo-respiratory responses.