NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF VOMITING

这项研究的目的是阐明呕吐的神经控制， 通常与运动病、放射病、中毒、 还有怀孕。最初的目标是研究猫的脑干。 投射到肌肉(腹部和横隔膜)，主要是 负责产生呕吐所需的压力变化。一个 更长期的目标将是建立这些脑干的输入 在各种情况下可能产生呕吐的区域。 尚不清楚呕吐是否是通过下行脑干产生的 影响腹部和膈运动神经元活动的呼吸神经元 或者通过其他下行系统，或者两者兼而有之。具体目标包括 确定呼吸-脊髓神经元是否参与控制 通过确定他们是否保持正常的节奏或火力来控制呕吐 假性呕吐时腹部和膈神经协同活动的时相 在瘫痪、去大脑的猫科动物身上。其他非呼吸性脑干区 可能控制腹肌活动的基因将通过逆行识别 上腰椎注射辣根过氧化物酶的转运 腹角。HRP也将被用于定位膈运动神经元 支配横隔膜的内部裂孔区域，包括 食道；这些纤维在排出过程中变得不活跃，这与 隔膜的其余部分。下一个目标将是确定是否有 单独的脑干投射到膈运动池的部分 用HRP和HRP神经支配横隔膜的这些不同区域 电生理技术。还将确定是否有 假想呕吐时活跃的下行脑干神经元 投射到膈运动池和腹部运动池区域，可能 从而导致横隔膜和腹部肌肉的共同激活， 发生在呕吐期间。

The goal of this research is to elucidate the neural control of vomiting, an event commonly associated with motion and radiation sickness, poisoning, and pregnancy. An initial objective will be to study in cats the brainstem projections to the muscles (abdominal and diaphragm) that are primarily responsible for producing the pressure changes required for vomiting. A longer term objective will be to establish the inputs to these brainstem areas that may produce vomiting under various conditions. It is unknown whether vomiting is produced via descending brainstem respiratory neurons that affect abdominal and phrenic motoneuronal activity or by way of other descending systems or both. Specific aims include establishing whether respiratory-spinal neurons participate in the control of vomiting by determining if they maintain their normal rhythm or fire in phase with co-active abdominal and phrenic nerves during fictive vomiting in paralyzed, decerebrate cats. Other, non-respiratory brainstem areas that may control abdominal muscle activity will be identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the upper lumbar ventral horn. HRP will also be used to locate the phrenic motoneurons that innervate the inner hiatal region of the diaphragm encompassing the esophagus; these fibers become inactive during expulsion in contrast to the rest of the diaphragm. The next aim will be to determine if there are separate brainstem projections to the parts of the phrenic motor pool that innervate these different areas of the diaphragm, using HRP and electrophysiological techniques. It will also be established whether any descending brainstem neurons that are active during fictive vomiting project to the region of both phrenic and abdominal motor pools and may thus cause the co-activation of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles that occurs during vomiting.