ESSENTIALITY OF DIETARY OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS IN PRIMATES

灵长类动物膳食 Omega 3 脂肪酸的重要性

• 批准号: 2138262
• 负责人: MARTHA NEURINGER
• 金额: $ 47.84万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-07-01 至 1996-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2138262
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; adipose tissue; biopsy; blood chemistry; blood lipid; brain metabolism; child physical development; child psychology; developmental nutrition; dietary lipid; electroretinography; essential fatty acids; fatty acid metabolism; learning; learning disorders; linolenate; lipofuscin; membrane lipids; newborn animals; nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; peroxides; phospholipids; pregnancy; psychological tests; retina; tocopherols; vision disorders; vitamin metabolism

DESCRIPTION (Investigator's Abstract): The essentiality of dietary n-3 fatty acids remains an unresolved issue in human nutrition. The high content of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3 or DHA) in the phospholipids of retina and cerebral cortex suggested an important role in photoreceptor and neuronal membrane functions. We have observed significant effects of n-3 fatty acid deprivation in rhesus monkeys during combined prenatal and postnatal development. DHA levels in retinal and brain phospholipids were greatly reduced, and visual acuity development and electroretinograms were abnormal. Effects on the electroretinogram (ERG) were not reversible by refeeding with fish oil or pure DHA at 10 months or older. Behavioral effects included large increases in fluid intake (polydipsia), increased stereotyped behaviors, and persevering errors in a learning task. Monkeys deprived only postnatally showed similar ERG changes and polydipsia. They propose new studies with rhesus monkeys to investigate some remaining critical questions about the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency: (1) What dietary n-3 fatty acid is optimal for functional development? Should infants receive preformed DHA or can they synthesize sufficient DHA from dietary alpha-linolenic acid? (2) What minimum amount of dietary n-3 fatty acids is needed to promote normal postnatal development? Are sufficient quantities provided by some widely-used human infant formulas? (3) Can effects of the deficiency on retinal function be reversed by refeeding with n-3 fatty acids at ages earlier than 10 months, and can a critical period be defined? (4) Can effects of low dietary n-3 fatty acids be separated from those of high n-3 fatty acids? (5) Does n-3 fatty acid deficiency affect sensory systems other than visual; and does the deficiency affect complex cognitive abilities including learning and memory? (6) How does the deficiency alter phospholipid molecular species composition, activity of key enzymes in brain phospholipid metabolism, vitamin E and peroxide levels in plasma and tissues, and lipofuscin accumulation in the retina and other tissues? These studies will help to determine nutritional needs for n-3 fatty acids during development and to establish the role of these fatty acids in neural functioning. The research has important implications for optimum diets of pregnant and lactating women as well as infants and children.

描述（研究者摘要）：饮食n-3的必要性 脂肪酸仍然是人类营养中未解决的问题。 高 磷脂中二十二碳六烯酸（22：6 n3或DHA）的含量 视网膜和大脑皮层在光感受器中起重要作用， 神经元膜功能。 我们已经观察到n-3的显著影响 恒河猴产前和产后联合脂肪酸剥夺 产后发育 视网膜和脑磷脂中的DHA水平是 大大降低，视力发育和视网膜电图 不正常. 对视网膜电图（ERG）的影响不可逆， 在10个月或更大时再喂鱼油或纯DHA。 行为 影响包括大量增加液体摄入（烦渴），增加 刻板的行为，以及在学习任务中坚持错误。 猴子 仅出生后剥夺者表现出类似的ERG变化和烦渴。 他们 建议对恒河猴进行新的研究， 关于饮食中n-3脂肪酸缺乏的影响的关键问题： (1)什么样的饮食n-3脂肪酸对功能发育最佳？ 婴儿应该接受预制的DHA还是他们能合成足够的DHA 从饮食中的α-亚麻酸？ (2)饮食中最低的n-3 脂肪酸是促进产后正常发育所必需的吗？ 是 一些广泛使用的人类婴儿配方奶粉所提供的足够数量？ (3)这种缺陷对视网膜功能的影响是否可以通过 在10个月龄之前重新喂食n-3脂肪酸， 关键时期是指？ (4)低膳食n-3脂肪酸的影响 从高n-3脂肪酸中分离出来？ (5)n-3脂肪酸 缺乏影响视觉以外的感觉系统; 缺乏影响复杂的认知能力，包括学习和 记忆？ (6)缺乏如何改变磷脂分子种类 组成、脑磷脂代谢关键酶活性、 血浆和组织中的维生素E和过氧化物水平以及脂褐素 在视网膜和其他组织中的累积？ 这些研究将有助于 确定发育过程中n-3脂肪酸的营养需求， 确定这些脂肪酸在神经功能中的作用。 的 研究对孕妇的最佳饮食有重要意义， 哺乳期妇女以及婴儿和儿童。