ACID AEROSOL--RESPIRATORY EFFECTS IN INFANTS AND MOTHERS

最近但有限的流行病学数据表明，目前的国家 颗粒物的环境标准可能不足以保护 公共卫生和颗粒物酸性硫酸盐气溶胶可能与 对呼吸系统有不良影响。环境空气质量标准的制定 人们正在考虑酸性气溶胶。我们将检查这两种空气 与室外空气质量密切相关的污染物，在 多次和潜在相互作用的暴露的室内环境 可以比以往更可靠地对复杂混合物进行量化 在户外研究中。 我们已经确定无通风的煤油空间加热器是 居民区颗粒物质量、硫酸盐、水蒸气和颗粒酸。飞行员 研究表明，使用煤油加热器的人患心脏病的风险更高 呼吸道症状，并因此构成一个独特的人群，在其中 为了确定颗粒质量、硫酸盐之间的关联的性质 质量、蒸汽和颗粒酸暴露与呼吸健康 效果。 这项研究检验了暴露在高浓度环境中的假设 颗粒质量(包括细颗粒质量)和酸性硫酸盐 使用煤油加热器产生的气溶胶空气污染物有 与急性或慢性上、下段风险增加相关 3-15个月大婴儿的呼吸道症状(敏感人群)， 包括咳嗽、咳痰、喘息、流鼻涕/鼻塞等。 假设接触过病毒的婴儿的母亲处于 高峰期出现呼吸道症状和可逆性下降的风险增加 呼气流量。将对这些关联进行评估，以确定是否存在风险 响应关系，同时针对其他已知或潜在风险进行调整 因素(编号、HN02、SES、健康状况等)。 研究人群是从四个月内的活产中挑选出来的 康涅狄格州医院将排除被动吸烟暴露的家庭 发生。研究对象将被招募为三个暴露类别： A)没有未排放的燃烧源(N=450名婴儿及其母亲)；b) 仅限煤气灶(N=225名婴儿及其母亲)；以及，c)煤油 仅限加热器(N=225名婴儿及其母亲)。将收集数据 为期一年，每两周一次，包括全面的供暖和制冷 季节，包括婴儿和儿童的呼吸道症状报告 与妈妈同时使用的暖气和煤气灶。日高峰 母亲在供暖期间四周的流量差异 并将记录非采暖季节。嵌套暴露评估 将使用协议，并将潜在的混杂因素 控制住了。暴露中的连续反应与明确反应 将使用纵向分析对各组进行比较。这一设计将 考虑到暴露影响和季节变化之间的区别 效果。结果将提供解决最近的 提出了颗粒物环境标准是否符合公共卫生问题 保护公众健康以及国家环境酸标准是否 需要的。它还将确定大型企业的风险是否增加 使用煤油加热器的人群。

Recent but limited epidemiologic data suggest that the current national ambient standard for particle matter may not be adequate to protect public health and that particle acidic sulfate aerosol may be associated with adverse respiratory effects. An Ambient Air Quality Standard for acidic aerosol is being considered. we will examine these two air pollutants, which are of major interest to outdoor air quality, in an indoor environment where multiple and potentially interacting exposures to complex mixtures can be quantified with more reliability than is done in outdoor studies. We have identified unvented kerosene space heaters as a major source of residential particle mass, sulfate and vapor and particle acid. A pilot study has indicated that kerosene heater users are at higher risk for respiratory symptoms and as such constitute a unique population in which to determine the nature of an association between particle mass, sulfate mass and vapor and particle acid exposures and respiratory health effects. This study tests the hypothesis that exposures to elevated concentrations of particle mass (including fine particle mass), and acidic sulfate aerosol air contaminants, resulting from kerosene heater use are associated with an increased risk of acute or chronic upper and lower respiratory symptoms in infants age 3-15 months (a sensitive population), including cough, phlegm, wheeze, runny/stuffy nose, etc. Also tested is the hypothesis that the exposed mothers of the infants are at an increased risk of respiratory symptoms and reversible decrements in peak expiratory flow. These associations will be evaluated for an exposure response relation while adjusting for other known or potential risk factors (NO., HN02, SES, health status, etc.). The study population, selected from live deliveries occurring at four Connecticut hospitals, will exclude homes where passive smoking exposure occurs. Study subjects will be recruited into three exposure categories: a) no unvented combustion sources (N=450 infants and their mothers); b) gas ranges only (N=225 infants and their mothers); and, c) kerosene heaters only (N=225 infants and their mothers). Data will be gathered for one year on a bi-weekly basis, covering a full heating and cooling season, including reports of respiratory symptoms in both the infants and mothers and concurrent use of the heater and gas stove. Diurnal peak flow differences for the mothers for a 4 week period during the heating and non-heating seasons will be recorded. A nested exposure assessment protocol will be used and potential confounding factors will be controlled. Continuous versus categorical responses in the exposure groups will be compared using longitudinal analysis. This design will allow for a distinction between exposure effects and seasonal variation effects. The results would provide data needed to address the recently raised public health issues of whether the particle ambient standard protects public health and whether a national ambient acid standard is needed. It will also identify any increased risk for the large population of kerosene heater users.