RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF CHRONIC OZONE EXPOSURE

急性暴露于臭氧已被证明在室内和流行病学 研究，以产生可逆的下降，肺功能的儿童。 重复臭氧暴露对大气中臭氧含量永久变化的累积效应 观察了动物肺功能和呼吸道症状 研究和建议在人类研究中。流行病学研究证实 目前缺乏臭氧的长期影响。一个特别的弱点 大多数关于空气污染对健康影响的流行病学研究， 暴露的错误分类。拟议的研究将建立在现有的 关于加州西米谷儿童健康状况的数据，a 高臭氧水平的住宅社区，使用个人 臭氧监测仪，以量化个人慢性臭氧暴露。的 哈佛被动臭氧徽章已被独立测试，并表明是 不含抑制干扰，与连续样品相当（+/-12%） 臭氧参考监测器，并具有6%的采样系数， 变化量该采样器已用于几项暴露研究， 检测限小于200 ppb-hr。一周的整合 时间采样器可以可靠地检测浓度低于2 ppb。 密集的个人和微环境监测臭氧暴露将 在320名儿童的分层样本中进行， 从新生儿到10岁。单个臭氧的分布 本社区内各年龄组儿童之间的接触将 评估。将开发特定性别和性别的模型， 基于环境臭氧浓度的慢性暴露， 个人、家庭、空间和季节特征。异质性 将评估个人长期接触臭氧的情况。的误差方差 长期臭氧接触估计数将通过使用 验证样本。这些异质性和误差方差的估计 将被用来评估一个单独的后续的可行性- 长期接触臭氧对健康影响的研究， 孩子

Acute exposures to ozone have been shown in chamber and epidemiologic studies to produce reversible declines in pulmonary function of children. The cumulative effects of repeated ozone exposures on permanent changes in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms have been observed in animal studies and suggested in human studies. Epidemiologic studies confirming chronic effects of ozone are currently lacking. A particular weakness of most epidemiologic studies of the health effects of air pollution has been misclassification of exposure. The proposed study would build on existing data on the health status of children in Simi Valley, California, a residential community with high ambient ozone levels, using personal monitors for ozone, to quantify individual chronic ozone exposure. The Harvard passive ozone badge has been independently tested and shown to be free of inhibiting interferences, is comparable (+/-12%) to continuous ozone reference monitors, and has a 6% between sample coefficient of variation. The sampler has been used in several exposure studies with a limit of detection of less than 200 ppb-hrs. Over a one-week integration time the sampler can reliably detect concentrations less than 2 ppb. Intensive personal and micro-environmental monitoring ozone exposures will be undertaken across a stratified sample of 320 children ranging from newborns to 10 years of age. The distribution of individual ozone exposures between children by age groups within this community will be evaluated. Age-and sex-specific models will be developed to estimate chronic exposure based on ambient concentrations of ozone as modified by individual, home, spatial, and seasonal characteristics. Heterogeneity of individual chronic ozone exposure will be evaluated. The error variance of the chronic ozone exposure estimates will be quantified through the use of a validation sample. These estimates of heterogeneity and error variance of exposure will be used to evaluate the feasibility of a separate follow- up study of the health effects of chronic ozone exposures among these children.