NEUROGENETICS OF DROSOPHILA REPRODUCTION

果蝇的生殖行为将通过遗传学和 分子生物学方法。 通过分析（a）影响 引起求偶和交配行为异常的突变，以及（B） 行动的基因所定义的这种变异，希望见解 关于果蝇的“遗传程序”， 可以获得固定的动作模式。 “求偶突变”可以更多 （a）他们可能会造成其他种类的明确的缺陷 (see（B）最初在非- 生殖标准往往导致男性的特殊异常- 女性互动 因此，另一个角度来看， 生殖遗传学研究关注的是多效性，或称“基因 可能会出现的一般性”， 调查-记住，类似的故事正在出现， 从涉及脊椎动物的神经遗传学研究（因此，一个可能的长期- 果蝇实验的“健康相关性”范围）。 的 某些求偶基因工程的分子方面使得 物种形成和进化问题， 自然发生的遗传变异，并通过生物测定， 行为环境 待研究的特定基因是：（a）非对- 瞬时A/不和谐音[其对求偶歌和视觉的影响 行为：基因内区域的体外诱变，包括那些 它可能具有核酸结合活性， 免疫组织化学实验;测定 假设无效突变和条件突变;“局部突变”的解剖 非A表达的“相关性”与 表型缺陷;种间非A变异体的分离和推定的 （B）不和谐音[该歌曲突变体的关系，和 通过克隆和基因座， 鉴定-视觉缺陷和胚胎致死突变体， 通过互补模式与CAC相连; 对于歌声缺陷的假定胸酸神经病灶与肌肉病灶];（c） 无结果[基因座鉴定，辅助3转座子标记的部分fru 突变体;在这些突变体中的2个中评估转录因子基因表达， 在与FRU相关的多效性（行为不育， 异常求偶歌，异常雄性间求偶，有缺陷的雄性- 特定的肌肉发育）;功能丧失突变体是否 作为可行的、行为上有缺陷的、fru-synthetic缺失产生， 还是基因座上的某些致命变异代表了 phenotype？]; (d)一个新的常染色体雄性近不育系 行为缺陷，包括可能的听觉或化学感觉缺陷; 分离新的等位基因;启动基因座分离， 转座子标记的原始突变的性质];（e）时期[生物测定 氏盐melanogaster和D.在求偶实验中， 与“发送者-接收者耦合”假设有关; 种内每变异的意义，通过评估 地理上的地理位置[…]

Reproductive behavior in Drosophila will be studied by genetic and molecular biological approaches. By analyzing (a) the effects of mutations causing anomalies in courtship and mating behavior, and (b) the action of the genes defined by such variants, it is hoped that insights about the "genetic programming" of the flies to perform species-specific fixed action patterns can be gained. "Courtship mutations" can be more than that: (a) they might cause other kinds of sharply defined defects (see below); (b) behavioral/neural mutants initially isolated on non- reproductive criteria often lead to particular abnormalities of male- female interactions. Thus, another angle from which to view the reproductive-genetic studies concerns pleiotropies, or "gene versatilities", and generalities that may emerge from these investigations -- keeping in mind that analogous stories are emerging from neurogenetic studies involving vertebrates (hence, a possible long- range "health relevance" of the experiments on Drosophila). The molecular sides of certain courtship-genetic projects has allowed speciation and evolutionary issues to be addressed by characterizing naturally occurring genetic variations and by bioassaying them in behavioral settings. The specific genes to be studied are: (a) no-on- transient-A/dissonance [its effects on courtship song and visual behavior: in-vitro mutagenesis of intragenic regions, including those that could have nucleic-acid binding activity -- augmented by immunohistochemical experiments; determination of effects of hypothetically null and conditional mutations; dissection of the "local relevance" of nonA expression with regard to the subsets of the phenotypic defects; isolation of interspecific nonA variants and putative intraspecific ones]; (b) cacophony [relationship of this song mutant, and a newly isolated cac singing-defective mutation -- via cloning and locus- identification -- to visual-defect and embryonic lethal mutants, which are connected to cac by complementation patterns; mosaic analysis of putative thoracid neural vs. muscular foci for the song defect]; (c) fruitless [locus-identification, aided by 3 transposon tagged partial-fru mutants; assessment of reporter-gene expression in 2 of these mutants, against a background of fru-associated pleiotropy (behavioral sterility, aberrant courtship song, anomalous inter-male courtships, defective male- specific muscle development); has a loss-of-function mutant been generated as a viable, behaviorally defective, fru-synthetic deletion, or do certain lethal variants at the locus represent the null phenotype?]; (d) a new autosomal male-near-sterile [analysis of behavioral defects, including possibly auditory or chemosensory ones; isolation of new alleles; initiation of locus isolation, given transposon-tagged nature of the original mutation]; (e) period [bioassays of D. melanogaster and D. simulans per clones, in courtship experiments related to "sender-receiver coupling" hypothesis; inferences on adaptive significance of intraspecific per variability, via assessment of a putative geographical cline.]