BADGE - BAttery Degradation for Grid-connected Electric vehicles

汽车到电网（V2G）技术是几年前出现的，当时插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）和纯电动汽车（BEV）在大约10年前获得了普及和市场份额。V2G技术定义了插电式混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车从电池中获取能量并将其重新分配到电网的能力。事实上，车辆90%-95%的时间都处于停放状态，因此电池处于空转状态。V2G提供了在非高峰时段将能量储存在车辆电池内的机会，然后在高峰时段向电网供电，以支持电网。也可以部分解决利用汽车电池作为能量缓冲的可再生能源可变生产问题。研究强调了PHEV/BEV电池支持电网的能力，并强调了其在调峰（减少电力峰值消耗的技术）和频率调节方面的优势。尽管有这些好处，但其他一些研究指出，V2G采用的主要障碍是电池更快退化的风险。该项目旨在通过以下方式扩展最先进的V2G分析工具和模型：(a)在决策框架内包括对电池退化的准确估计；(b)将创建一个智能数据收集和管理基础设施，以量化关键的V2G指标，例如车辆可用性、电池能量水平、电池健康状况、电网能量需求。该项目将由AVL动力总成英国公司和华威大学（WMG）组成的财团完成。关键的创新是通过整合电池性能和退化的实时知识来优化汽车和电网之间的能量传递。WMG将扩展其先前的研究，并将提供电池性能/退化的数学模型，而AVL将收集大量实际数据并开发用于电池控制的智能算法。与V2G运行相关的实时信息，如电池电量、充电器可用性、能源定价，将通过智能集线器显示原型提供给驾驶员。这个项目可以帮助汽车制造商开发基于这种扩展使用的未来电池及其控制。公用事业/配电公司也将能够规划他们未来的投资和政策。政府可调整及/或设立新的奖励措施，以配合V2G的应用。最后，用户可以通过仪表板了解其车辆的V2G功能。

The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology emerged few years ago when the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) gained in popularity and market share about 10 years ago. V2G technology defines the ability for a PHEV and BEV to draw energy from its battery in order to redistribute this energy to the grid. As a fact, vehicles are 90%-95% of the time parked, therefore battery are idling. V2G offers the opportunity to store energy within the vehicle's battery during off-peak hours and then provide electricity to the grid during peak hours in order to support the grid. It could also partly solve the issue of the renewable energy variable production using vehicle's battery as energy buffering. Studies and researches highlighted the ability of PHEV/BEV battery to support the grid and emphasized its benefits regarding peak shaving (technique to reduce electric peak consumption) and frequency regulation. Despite all these benefits, some other studies pointed out as main barrier for V2G adoption the risk of faster battery degradation. This project aims extend state-of-the-art V2G analysis tools and models by: (a) including within the decision-making framework an accurate estimate of battery degradation and (b) will create a smart data collection and management infrastructure to quantify key V2G metrics e.g. vehicle availability, battery energy level, battery health, grid energy requirements. This project will be achieved by the consortium composed of AVL Powertrain UK and Warwick University (WMG). The key innovation is to optimise the energy transfer between the car and grid by integrating real-time knowledge of battery performance and degradation. WMG will extend its previous research and will provide the mathematical model of battery performance/degradation while AVL will collect a big amount of real-world data and develop smart algorithm for the battery control. Real-time information related to V2G operation, such as battery level, charger availability, energy pricing, will be provided to the driver through a smart hub display prototype. This project could help the car manufacturers to develop their future batteries and its control based on this extended usage. The utilities/distribution companies will also be able to plan their future investment and policy. Government could adjust and/or create new incentives to be suitable for V2G application. Finally, the user could be informed through the dashboard about its vehicle capability for V2G purpose.