INFANT PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES AS COGNITIVE PRECURSORS

婴儿感知能力作为认知前体

• 批准号: 2201829
• 负责人: APRIL A BENASICH
• 金额: $ 12.8万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-01-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2201829
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child behavior; cognition; early experience; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); intelligence; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; low birth weight infant human; memory; neural information processing; operant conditionings; perception; performance; premature infant human; stimulus /response; videotape /videodisc

The study of early infant behaviors and their relation to later cognitive and linguistic competence has been an enduring research focus in the investigation of human development. Research which aims to predict cognitive and linguistic abilities in later childhood based on early infant behavior, implicate infant perceptual-cognitive abilities as likely analogs for childhood information-processing skills. The primary aim of this study is to examine the specific relationship between early perceptual-cognitive abilities (as indexed by habituation, recognition memory, and auditory temporal processing) and later cognitive and linguistic development Speed of encoding appears to be the critical factor in differential performance on perceptual-cognitive tasks. Measures of perceptual- cognitive abilities in infancy, such as habituation decrement and recognition memory, are in turn related to performance on childhood linguistic and cognitive tasks. Similarly, studies with language impaired children implicate a specific deficit in rate of sensory and perceptual information processing. Previous research has found auditory temporal processing and memory deficits to be highly predictive of developmental speech and language impairment We propose to bring together two promising lines of research which, to our knowledge, have not previously been integrated, in order to directly examine the role of speed of encoding in infant perceptual-cognitive abilities and its subsequent impact on later cognitive and language outcomes. We will pursue these goals in two ways. First, by continuing to develop and refine our infant operant conditioning paradigm that facilitates assessment of auditory temporal processing (ATP) in the first year of life and collecting cross-sectional, normative data on ATP for infants 4- to 9- months-of-age. Second, by examining prospectively the developmental course of early perceptual memory, information processing, and temporal processing in three infant populations expected to differ in the course of language development and the incidence of specific language impairment: normal term infants, preterm very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, and infants from families with a positive history of specific language impairment (LI). The primary rationale for the proposed research is to address and integrate existing theories of early perceptual, cognitive and language development. Ultimately, these studies may lead to the development of specific measures which may provide for earlier prediction of subsequent cognitive and/or language disorders.

婴儿早期行为及其与后期认知功能关系的研究 语言能力一直是语言学界的研究热点 调查人类发展。研究旨在预测 认知和语言能力的早期基础上， 婴儿行为，暗示婴儿的感知认知能力， 类似儿童时期的信息处理技能。的主要目的 本研究旨在探讨早期 感知-认知能力（以习惯化、识别 记忆和听觉时间处理）和后来的认知和 语言发展 编码的速度似乎是差异化的关键因素 在感知认知任务上的表现。感知测量- 婴儿期的认知能力，如习惯性减退， 再认记忆，反过来又与儿童时期的表现有关 语言和认知任务。同样，语言障碍的研究 儿童在感觉和知觉的速度上有特定的缺陷， 信息处理.先前的研究发现听觉时间 处理和记忆缺陷是高度预测发展 言语和语言障碍 我们建议将两个有前途的研究方向结合起来， 知识，以前没有被整合，为了直接 研究编码速度在婴儿知觉-认知中的作用 能力及其对以后的认知和语言的影响 结果。 我们将通过两种方式实现这些目标。第一，继续发展 并完善我们的婴儿操作性条件反射范式， 出生后第一年的听觉时间处理（ATP）评估 收集4- 9岁婴儿ATP的横断面标准数据， 月龄。第二，通过对发展历程的前瞻性考察， 早期知觉记忆，信息处理， 在三个婴儿群体中的加工过程预计会有所不同， 语言发育和特定语言障碍的发生率： 正常足月婴儿、早产极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿，以及 来自有特定语言阳性史家庭的婴儿 损伤（LI）。 拟议研究的主要理由是解决和 整合现有的早期知觉、认知和语言理论 发展最终，这些研究可能会导致 可以提供早期预测未来的具体措施 认知和/或语言障碍。