INFANT PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES AS COGNITIVE PRECURSORS

婴儿感知能力作为认知前体

• 批准号: 2025384
• 负责人: APRIL A BENASICH
• 金额: $ 13.87万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-01-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2025384
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child behavior; cognition; early experience; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); intelligence; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; low birth weight infant human; memory; neural information processing; operant conditionings; perception; performance; premature infant human; stimulus /response; videotape /videodisc

The study of early infant behaviors and their relation to later cognitive and linguistic competence has been an enduring research focus in the investigation of human development. Research which aims to predict cognitive and linguistic abilities in later childhood based on early infant behavior, implicate infant perceptual-cognitive abilities as likely analogs for childhood information-processing skills. The primary aim of this study is to examine the specific relationship between early perceptual-cognitive abilities (as indexed by habituation, recognition memory, and auditory temporal processing) and later cognitive and linguistic development Speed of encoding appears to be the critical factor in differential performance on perceptual-cognitive tasks. Measures of perceptual- cognitive abilities in infancy, such as habituation decrement and recognition memory, are in turn related to performance on childhood linguistic and cognitive tasks. Similarly, studies with language impaired children implicate a specific deficit in rate of sensory and perceptual information processing. Previous research has found auditory temporal processing and memory deficits to be highly predictive of developmental speech and language impairment We propose to bring together two promising lines of research which, to our knowledge, have not previously been integrated, in order to directly examine the role of speed of encoding in infant perceptual-cognitive abilities and its subsequent impact on later cognitive and language outcomes. We will pursue these goals in two ways. First, by continuing to develop and refine our infant operant conditioning paradigm that facilitates assessment of auditory temporal processing (ATP) in the first year of life and collecting cross-sectional, normative data on ATP for infants 4- to 9- months-of-age. Second, by examining prospectively the developmental course of early perceptual memory, information processing, and temporal processing in three infant populations expected to differ in the course of language development and the incidence of specific language impairment: normal term infants, preterm very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, and infants from families with a positive history of specific language impairment (LI). The primary rationale for the proposed research is to address and integrate existing theories of early perceptual, cognitive and language development. Ultimately, these studies may lead to the development of specific measures which may provide for earlier prediction of subsequent cognitive and/or language disorders.

婴幼儿早期行为及其与后期认知关系的研究 和语言能力一直是一个持久的研究重点在 对人类发展的调查。旨在预测 儿童早期认知能力和语言能力的研究 婴儿行为，可能暗示婴儿的知觉-认知能力 儿童信息处理技能的类比。的主要目的是 这项研究旨在考察早期和早期的具体关系 感知-认知能力(以习惯化、再认为指标 记忆和听觉时间处理)，以及后来的认知和 语言发展 编码速度似乎是差异的关键因素 知觉-认知任务的表现。感性的衡量标准- 婴儿期的认知能力，如习惯性减退和 再认记忆，反过来又与儿童时期的表现有关 语言和认知任务。同样，对语言障碍的研究 儿童在感觉和知觉的比率上有特定的缺陷 信息处理。先前的研究发现，听觉时间 加工和记忆缺陷对发育有很高的预测性 言语和语言障碍 我们建议将两个有希望的研究方向结合起来，对我们的 知识，以前没有被整合过，以便直接 研究编码速度在婴儿知觉认知中的作用 能力及其对后来认知和语言的影响 结果。 我们将通过两种方式实现这些目标。第一，通过继续发展 并改进我们的婴儿操作条件反射范式，以促进 出生一岁时听觉时间处理(ATP)的评估 并收集4至9岁婴儿ATP的横断面标准数据 几个月大的孩子。第二，前瞻性地审视发展历程 早期知觉记忆、信息处理和时间 三个婴儿群体的加工过程预计会有所不同 语言发展和特定语言障碍的发生率： 正常足月儿、早产极低出生体重(VLBW)婴儿以及 来自有特定语言阳性病史的家庭的婴儿 减值(LI)。 拟议研究的主要理由是解决和 整合早期知觉、认知和语言的现有理论 发展。最终，这些研究可能会导致 可更早预测后续情况的具体措施 认知和/或语言障碍。