ENCODING TIME--DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR

之前，我们在孤立的七鳃鳗脊髓中展示了虚构的游泳 偏离了均匀的行波 我们断言， 这些偏差可用于推断 段间协调系统。 使用新的统计和理论 方法，我们接近相位偏差的完整描述， 他们暗示。 在这样做的过程中，我们已经开始产生统计和 研究脊柱节段相互作用时变化的理论工具 下行和感觉输入。 到第一年年底，我们将开始 “把系统重新组合在一起，“也就是说，重新引入 分离的脊柱准备神经系统的其他部分， 感觉中枢 我们的目标是开始了解，在脊椎动物中， 系统被完整的动物适应性地使用，并推断出一般的 这些系统的组织原则。 完成统计和理论工作涉及： 耦合振子链在噪声作用下的行为模拟 补充说 噪音是如何传播的？ 长度和强度如何 协调纤维会影响行为 什么统计和时间 系列方法是最适合的分析？ 然后，我们将提出以下问题： 1.网状脊髓（RS）神经元的相位输出被称为“在 “阶段”与喙段的运动输出，但这是与 很少的几个片段连接。 如果这是真的，这可能是灾难性的，因为 身体所有100个部分的活动的相对相位角必须 跨越360度的周期，和RS细胞有强大的影响沿着 整根绳子 我们将使用一个含有脑干和50个节段的制剂， 推断：（a）RS核的相位活动的影响是什么 对脊髓运动输出的影响 模式是多了还是少了 稳定？ 是不是变了？(b)使用细胞内记录， 从脊髓节段到RS神经元的输入模式？ 是不是有什么 脊髓节段沿着核的地形图？ 还是所有的细胞 得到相同的输入？(c)RS神经元有自己的振荡吗 会发生什么 网状结构的输出是什么 当大量的吻侧和 尾段为RS神经元提供输入 是RS神经元的输出 在这种情况下仍然是阶段性的吗 RS单元的输出是否 对所有脊柱节段进行同样的治疗 它分布在整个循环中吗 在所有的细胞？ (d)如果是阶段性的，RS核的输出如何 与各部门之间的协调互动？ 这将被问到 在收集上述数据之后对交互进行建模。 2.如果大脑和机械感觉输入都与CPG相互作用， 交互改变CPG输出？ (a)我们将机械力加到 连接大脑的脊髓节段的末端， 模式改变了。 这也将与尾巴连接。 这些相互作用是否稳定或破坏脊椎动物CPG？ 做 大脑/CPG/感觉相互作用的功能，如蟑螂所提出的， 提高对意外干扰的反应能力， 系统的最佳频率？ 什么是功能性后果 互动？ 最后，总的目标是看看我们是否可以建立 运动系统的组织和功能原理， 有节奏的动作

Previously, we showed fictive swimming in isolated lamprey spinal cords deviated from a uniform traveling wave. We asserted that the pattern of these deviations could be used to deduce functional properties of the intersegmental coordinating system. Using new statistical and theoretical methods, we are near a full description of the phase deviations and what they imply. In so doing, we have begun to generate statistical and theoretical tools to study changes in the spinal segments when interacting with descending and sensory inputs. By the end of year one we will begin to "put the system back together," that is, to reintroduce into the isolated spinal preparation other portions of the nervous system and sensorium. The goal is to begin to understand, in a vertebrate, how such systems are used adaptively by intact animals, and to deduce general principles of organization for such systems. Completion of the statistical and theoretical work involves: (a) simulations of the behavior of a chain of coupled oscillators with noise added. How does the noise propagate? How do the length and strength of the coordinating fibers affect the behavior? What statistical and time series methods are most appropriate for the analysis? We will then ask the following: 1. The phasic output of the reticulospinal (RS) neurons is said to be "in phase" with the motor output of the rostral segments, but this was with very few segments attached. If true, it could be disastrous since the relative phase angles of the activity of all 100 segments of the body must span 360 degrees of the cycle, and RS cells have powerful effects along the entire cord. We will use a preparation with brain stem and 50 segments to deduce: (a) What is the impact of the phasic activity from the RS nuclei upon the motor output of the spinal segments? Is the pattern more or less stable? Is it changed? (b) Using intracellular recording, what is the pattern of input from the spinal segments to the RS neurons? Is there some topographic map of the spinal segments along the nuclei? Or do all cells receive the same input? (c) Do the RS neurons have their own oscillations when activated with glutamate? What is the output from the reticular neurons to the spinal segments when a large complement of rostral and caudal segments provide input to the RS neurons? Is the RS neurons' output still phasic under these conditions? Does the output from the RS cells go to all spinal segments equally? Is it distributed across the entire cycle in all cells? (d) If phasic, how does the output from the RS nuclei interact with the coordination among the segments? This will be asked by modeling the interaction after the above data are collected. 2. If the brain and mechanosensory input both interact with the CPG, does the interaction change CPG output? (a) We will add mechanical forcing to the end of spinal segments with the brain attached to see how the output pattern is changed. This will also be done with the tail attached. Do the interactions stabilize or destabilize the vertebrate CPG? Do the brain/CPG/sensory interactions function as proposed in the cockroach to heighten responsiveness to unexpected perturbations and maintain some optimal frequency for the system? What are the functional consequences of the interactions? Finally, the overall goal is to see if we can establish principles of organization and function for motor systems that produce rhythmic movements.