SENSATION AND BEHAVIOR IN FETUS AND NEWBORN

发育过程是由刺激激活和塑造的。消息来源 刺激，或者经验可以在发展中找到 生物；S栖息地。我们已经确定并量化了生物刺激 它们通常存在于胎儿期和出生时的栖息地 挪威老鼠。母性行为和生理提供了触觉、前庭 以及对胎儿和新生哺乳动物的热刺激。围产期大鼠 接受与母亲的运动、养育和 孕期自我修饰，分娩时子宫收缩，以及 产后舔、携带、取回巢中。 母体来源的刺激被胎儿和新生大鼠感知，如 我们的发现证明了对生物感觉事件的模拟 唤起围产期大鼠的行为和自主神经反应。我们还有 积累的证据表明，这些刺激有助于胎儿和新生儿 大鼠的呼吸行为和第一次乳头附着，从而 为从产前到出生的过渡做出重要贡献 出生后的生活。在当前的应用中，我们建议研究 FEAT和新生儿的感觉功能、注意力和联想学习 老鼠。并调查这些机制对产后的贡献 在大鼠身上出现一种综合的、适应的行为，即第一次 乳头附着物。最初的研究验证了心脏疾病的假设 新生胎鼠的行为反应表现为 定向反射，一种注意力机制。第二组实验 解决生物刺激是否支持 围产期大鼠习惯化和联想学习的过程。一个 最后一组实验验证了产前刺激的假设 来自母亲的物质会在胎儿中产生行为激活，这 指定第一个乳头连接的感觉控制。本系列 研究将导致对感官的更好的理解- 胎儿和新生儿的知觉、注意和学习过程 生命，并将支持对早期行为结构的更多研究， 组织和控制。

Developmental processes are activated and shaped by stimulation. Sources of stimulation, or experience can be found within the developing organism;s habitat. We have identified and quantified biological stimuli that are normally present in the prenatal and natal habitats of the Norway rat. Maternal behavior and physiology provide tactile, vestibular and thermal stimulation to fetal and newborn mammals. Perinatal rats receive stimulation associated with maternal locomotion, rearing and self-grooming during gestation, uterine contractions during labor, and licking, carrying, and retrieving following delivery into the nest. Maternally-derived stimuli are perceived by fetal and newborn rats, as evidenced by our finding that simulations of biological sensory events evoke behavioral and autonomic responses in perinatal rats. We have also accrued evidence that these stimuli facilitate fetal and newborn respiratory behavior, and the first nipple attachment in rats, thereby making important contributions to the transition from prenatal to postnatal life. In the current application, we propose studies of sensory function, attention, and associative learning in feat and newborn rats. and investigate contributions of these mechanisms to the postpartum emergence of an integrative, adaptive behavior in rats, namely, the first nipple attachment. The initial studies test the hypothesis that cardiac and behavioral responses of fetal newborn rats are expression of the orienting reflex, an attentional mechanism. A second set of experiments addresses fundamental issues of whether biological stimuli support processes of habituation and associative learning in perinatal rats. A final set of experiments tests the hypothesis that prenatal stimulation derived from the mother produces behavioral activation in fetuses, which specifies sensory controls of the first nipple attachment. This series of investigations will lead to improved understanding of sensory- perceptual, attentional, and learning processes during fetal and neonatal life, and will support additional studies of early behavioral structure, organization, and control.