Sensation and behavior of fetus and newborn

描述（由申请人提供）：发育过程通过刺激激活和塑造。刺激或经验的来源可以在发育中的有机体的栖息地中找到。从胎儿到新生儿的过渡，预示着劳动和出生，其特征是大量的神经，生理和行为的变化，帮助成功地适应子宫外世界。拟议的研究集中在子宫内的神经和行为发育的决定因素，与分娩收缩，儿茶酚胺系统，成人表型及其因果关系。挪威大鼠将用于心理生物学研究，包括行为、生理、神经和分子水平的分析。在围产期学习的生物行为研究中，将分析宫内化学感受经验、分娩收缩和出生时的哺乳开始。劳动的具体影响，即，将研究躯体感觉刺激和间歇性缺氧与分娩并发症的关系。将使用药理学试剂分析去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）的多巴胺相关激活。c-fos的神经上调将用于指导涉及儿茶酚胺系统关键参与者的大脑定位研究。为了确定子宫内的经验和以后的发展阶段之间的关系，成人表型和他们的出现将进行分析。我们的框架认识到哺乳动物母亲作为一个途径，诱导，疏导和调节发育变化。一些研究将分析母鼠对不同宫内经历的幼鼠是否有不同的反应。该研究计划对许多生物医学问题具有广泛而重要的影响，包括早产，分娩并发症，压力，精神和病理生理障碍，包括精神分裂症，药物滥用，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和抽动秽语综合征（TS）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Developmental process are activated and shaped by stimulation. Sources of stimulation or experience can be found within the developing organism's habitat. The transition from fetus to newborn infant, heralded by labor and birth, is characterized by a multitude of neural, physiological and behavioral changes that assist successful acclimation to the extrauterine world. The proposed studies focus on intrauterine determinants of neural and behavioral development in relation to labor contractions, the catecholamine system, adult phenotypes and their causal relations. The Norway rat will be used in psychobiological investigations spanning behavioral, physiological, neural and molecular levels of analysis. Intrauterine chemosensory experience, labor contractions, and suckling onset at birth will be analyzed in biobehavioral studies of perinatal learning. Specific effects of labor, i.e., somatosensory stimulation and intermittent hypoxia, will be studied and related to birth complications. Birth-related activation of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), will be analyzed using pharmacological agents. Neural upregulation of c-fos will be used to guide brain localization studies involving key players in catecholamine systems. To identify relations between intrauterine experience and later developmental phases, adult phenotypes and their emergence will be analyzed. Our framework recognizes the mammalian mother as a pathway for inducing, canalizing, and regulating developmental change. Some studies will analyze whether dams respond differently to pups with different intrauterine experiences. This research program has broad and significant implications for numerous biomedical concerns, including premature birth, birth complications, and stress, psychiatric and pathophysiological disorders, including schizophrenia, substance abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette's Syndrome (TS).