SENSATION AND BEHAVIOR IN FETUS AND NEWBORN

发育过程是由刺激激活和塑造的。 来源 刺激或经验可以在发展中国家找到。 有机体的栖息地。 我们已经识别并量化了生物刺激 通常存在于出生前和纳塔尔的栖息地 挪威鼠。 母亲的行为和生理提供触觉，前庭 以及对胎儿和新生哺乳动物的热刺激。 围产期大鼠 接受与母体运动、养育和 妊娠期间的自我梳理，分娩期间的子宫收缩， 进入巢穴后，舔、携带和取回。 母体来源的刺激被胎儿和新生大鼠感知， 我们发现模拟生物感觉事件 引起围产期大鼠的行为和自主反应。 我们还 越来越多的证据表明，这些刺激有助于胎儿和新生儿 呼吸行为，以及大鼠的第一个乳头附着，从而 为从产前到产后的过渡做出了重要贡献。 产后生活 在本申请中，我们提出了以下研究： 胎儿和新生儿的感觉功能、注意力和联想学习 大鼠并研究这些机制对产后 出现了一个综合的，适应性的行为在大鼠，即第一， 乳头附件 最初的研究验证了心脏 和行为反应的胎儿新生大鼠的表达， 定向反射，一种注意力机制。 第二组实验 解决了生物刺激是否支持 在围产期大鼠的习惯化和联想学习的过程。 一 最后一组实验检验产前刺激 来自母体的基因会在胎儿中产生行为激活， 指定第一个乳头附件的感觉控制。 这个系列 研究将导致更好的理解感官- 胎儿和新生儿的知觉、注意力和学习过程 生命，并将支持早期行为结构的额外研究， 组织和控制。

Developmental processes are activated and shaped by stimulation. Sources of stimulation, or experience can be found within the developing organism;s habitat. We have identified and quantified biological stimuli that are normally present in the prenatal and natal habitats of the Norway rat. Maternal behavior and physiology provide tactile, vestibular and thermal stimulation to fetal and newborn mammals. Perinatal rats receive stimulation associated with maternal locomotion, rearing and self-grooming during gestation, uterine contractions during labor, and licking, carrying, and retrieving following delivery into the nest. Maternally-derived stimuli are perceived by fetal and newborn rats, as evidenced by our finding that simulations of biological sensory events evoke behavioral and autonomic responses in perinatal rats. We have also accrued evidence that these stimuli facilitate fetal and newborn respiratory behavior, and the first nipple attachment in rats, thereby making important contributions to the transition from prenatal to postnatal life. In the current application, we propose studies of sensory function, attention, and associative learning in feat and newborn rats. and investigate contributions of these mechanisms to the postpartum emergence of an integrative, adaptive behavior in rats, namely, the first nipple attachment. The initial studies test the hypothesis that cardiac and behavioral responses of fetal newborn rats are expression of the orienting reflex, an attentional mechanism. A second set of experiments addresses fundamental issues of whether biological stimuli support processes of habituation and associative learning in perinatal rats. A final set of experiments tests the hypothesis that prenatal stimulation derived from the mother produces behavioral activation in fetuses, which specifies sensory controls of the first nipple attachment. This series of investigations will lead to improved understanding of sensory- perceptual, attentional, and learning processes during fetal and neonatal life, and will support additional studies of early behavioral structure, organization, and control.