SOCIAL CONTROLS IN AN AFRICAN PASTORAL SOCIETY

非洲游牧社会的社会控制

• 批准号: 2251644
• 负责人: NEVILLE DYSON-HUDSON
• 金额: $ 24.46万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NY,BINGHAMTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-05-01 至 1997-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2251644
• 关键词: African American; child abuse; conflict; culture; dyadic interaction; elder abuse; homicide; human data; human mortality; human population study; human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; racial /ethnic difference; rape; socializations; socioeconomics; spouse abuse; statistics /biometry; violence

The intent is to complete a study of violence in its sociocultural contexts in a group of 15,000 Turkana nomadic herders in NW Kenya. They exemplify the paradoxical status violence has in most societies, including the US: sometimes a dangerous threat; sometimes a preferred solution to problems of survival, so a legitimate strategy. Turkana differ from the US in scale, technology, institutional specialization, politico-economic elaboration, and ethnic complexity, but share with the US both an ethos of violence, and an urgent need to control violence - a health hazard - within the society. Turkana low-cost social controls are effective in keeping within-group fights sub-lethal, and provide ideas which (with appropriate changes) may be transferrable. An integrated, holistic analysis of all acts of violence across all levels and domains of the society is proposed; this seems to offer the clearest understanding of the complex causes and situational variability of violence, and of Turkana strategies of its control. The present phase of research would complete a successful NIMH funded field study. It will continue integrating data already acquired; supplement them by limited further field study; and synthesize them in a form useful both to scientists and to those concerned with rethinking the strategies needed for violence control. The immediate tactic is to pursue: event analysis of violent confrontations; cultural analysis of rules relating to different levels and domains of violence; violence career analysis; hazards analysis of demographic data for c 10,000 people; modelling of violence precipitation and control processes; and multi-level analysis of selected violence episodes to show the interplay of ecological, organizational, cultural, psychological, and demographic factors.

目的是完成对社会文化暴力的研究 肯尼亚西北部 15,000 名图尔卡纳游牧民的背景。 他们 体现了暴力在大多数社会中的矛盾地位，包括 美国：有时是危险的威胁；有时是首选解决方案 生存问题，所以一个合法的策略。图尔卡纳与美国不同 规模、技术、机构专业化、政治经济 复杂性和种族复杂性，但与美国都有共同的精神 暴力，以及控制暴力的迫切需要 - 健康危害 - 社会内部。图尔卡纳的低成本社会控制措施在 保持团体内的战斗不致致命，并提供想法（与 适当的更改）可以转让。一个综合的、整体的 分析各个层面和领域的所有暴力行为 提议社会；这似乎提供了对 暴力和图尔卡纳事件的复杂原因和情况变化 其控制策略。 目前阶段的研究将成功完成 NIMH 资助的研究 实地研究。它将继续整合已经获得的数据； 通过有限的进一步实地研究来补充它们；并将它们合成为 这种形式对于科学家和那些关心重新思考问题的人来说都是有用的 暴力控制所需的策略。当前的策略是追求： 暴力对抗事件分析；规则的文化分析 涉及不同程度和领域的暴力；暴力职业 分析;对约 10,000 人的人口数据进行危害分析； 暴力沉淀和控制过程的建模；和多层次的 对选定的暴力事件进行分析，以显示暴力事件之间的相互作用 生态、组织、文化、心理和人口 因素。