THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE IN A VIOLENT SOCIETY

在暴力社会中预防暴力

• 批准号: 3377613
• 负责人: NEVILLE DYSON-HUDSON
• 金额: $ 5.73万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NY,BINGHAMTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-07-01 至 1987-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3377613
• 关键词: Africa; aggression; antisocial personality; computer data analysis; criminal behavior; criminology; field study; homicide; interview; social group; social problems

Current attempts by criminologists to understand, and thereby to prevent or control, violent and antisocial behavior in the U.S. call for a more comparative, contextual and theoretical examination of violence than has so far been attempted. To contribute to this new effort, by comparative data and an oblique perspective, this project would examine the causes, kinds, incidence and low-cost control of violence in a population which shares several U.S. problems (a violence which it cannot eliminate and cannot easily control) but few social characteristics (being rural, non-literate, small-scale, simple in technology, subsistence-oriented in economy, homogeneous in population, and lacking specialized agencies of social control). Specific aims of the research are to understand a mirror image of the U.S. violence problem, viz: how an external policy of violent interdiction, leading to a high external homicide rate, co-exists with a low rate of internal homicide within the same population. How is violence deflected externally and controlled internally by simple institutional arrangements, and at low social cost (mainly citizen involvement)? What mental and physical health hazards are involved in such responses? The method chosen (because the population is not literate and lacks reliable records) is to record by means of participant observation during a five-month field study, the personally experienced violent encounters of some 250 adults drawn from 84 families totalling about 1,500 people. The violent encounters (anticipated at about 1,000 or more) should be representative of the life experience of the social group of 20,000 to which they belong, and of the 250,000 people of their parent population. With the aid of computer analysis, and supplemented by general statements from interviews and directly observed violent encounters, these data will be used to establish general causes, patterns, and consequences of violence; to test over 20 hypotheses; and to re-examine various explanations of homicide and violent behavior current in criminology and social sciences.

目前犯罪学家试图了解，从而防止或 控制，暴力和反社会行为在美国呼吁更多的 对暴力行为进行比较、背景和理论研究， 远的尝试。 为了促进这一新的努力，通过比较数据， 从一个倾斜的角度来看，这个项目将研究的原因，种类， 暴力事件和低成本控制的人口， 美国的几个问题（它无法消除的暴力， 容易控制），但很少有社会特征（农村，文盲， 规模小，技术简单，经济上以生存为主， 人口单一，缺乏专门的社会机构， 对照）。 这项研究的具体目的是了解美国的镜像。 暴力问题，即：如何一个外部政策的暴力制止， 导致外部杀人率高，同时存在低的 在同一人群中发生的内部凶杀案。 暴力是如何转移的 外部和内部控制的简单制度安排， 社会成本低（主要是公民参与）？ 什么精神和 这种反应是否涉及身体健康危害？ 选择的方法（因为人口不识字， 可靠的记录）是通过参与者观察记录， 五个月的实地研究，亲身经历的暴力遭遇， 来自八十四个家庭共约一千五百人的二百五十名成年人。 的 暴力冲突（预计约1,000或更多）应 20，000人的社会群体的生活经验的代表， 他们属于哪一个，以及他们父母的25万人。 借助计算机分析，并辅以一般陈述 从采访和直接观察到的暴力冲突，这些数据将 用于确定一般原因、模式和后果 暴力;测试20多个假设;并重新审视各种 犯罪学中对杀人和暴力行为的解释， 社会科学