NEURAL BASIS OF MOTIVATED BEHAVIORS

动机行为的神经基础

• 批准号: 2249564
• 负责人: KLAUDIUSZ ROBERT WEISS
• 金额: $ 23.51万
• 依托单位: MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF CUNY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-30 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2249564
• 关键词: Aplysia; acetylcholine; action potentials; alternatives to animals in research; eating; electrodes; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; ethology; high performance liquid chromatography; immunocytochemistry; innervation; jaw movement; motivation; motor neurons; muscle contraction; neuroanatomy; neuromuscular function; neuromuscular junction; neuromuscular transmission; neuropsychology; neurotransmitter metabolism; neurotransmitter transport; neurotransmitters; sensory feedback

The long-term goal of our research is to understand the neural basis of plasticity of complex motivated behaviors. Towards this goal, we propose to investigate the circuits and neural mechanisms that are responsible for the generation of feeding behavior in a simple model system, Aplysia californica. This research will utilize an integrated interdisciplinary approach that combines anatomical, immunocytochemical, electrophysiological, and biochemical techniques with a behavioral analysis. The major question we will investigate concerns the ability of an organism to utilize the same neuronal elements and the same muscles in executing a variety of coordinated behaviors each of which can vary in their intensity and speed. We propose that this may be achieved by two major groups of mechanisms. The first, consists of creating different functional motor circuits, through activation of different combinations of motorneurons for different behaviors, and of changes of firing patterns of motorneurons in those cases when within a single behavior either the intensity or the frequency of responding change. The second postulated group of mechanisms operate by changing the proportions and combination of modulatory cotransmitters (especially neuropeptides) and classical transmitters acting on the muscle, thus adjusting the properties of the muscle to meet specific behavioral demands. A conceptual model that incorporates both groups of mechanisms will be tested, and if correct, will help guide future studies of the role that circuit selection and neuromodulation play in motivated behaviors. These studies should facilitate understanding of the neural basis of motivated behaviors and of their dysfunction, as seen in prevalent mental illnesses such as depression and mania.

我们研究的长期目标是了解 复杂的动机行为的可塑性。 达到这个目标，我们提出 调查负责的电路和神经机制 为了在简单模型系统中产生喂养行为，Aplysia 加州。 这项研究将利用综合的跨学科 结合解剖学，免疫细胞化学的方法 具有行为的电生理和生化技术 分析。 我们将调查关注能力的主要问题 使用相同的神经元元素和相同肌肉的生物体 在执行各种协调行为时，每种行为都可以变化 以其强度和速度。 我们建议这可以通过 两个主要机制。 首先，包括创建 通过激活不同的功能电机电路 运动神经元的组合，用于不同行为，以及变化的变化 在单个情况下，在那些情况下发射动物神经元的模式 行为的强度或响应频率变化。 这 第二个假定的机制通过更改比例来运行 和调节固定剂（尤其是神经肽）的组合 以及作用于肌肉的经典发射器，从而调整 肌肉的特性满足特定的行为需求。 一个 结合两组机制的概念模型将是 经过测试，如果正确的话，将有助于指导未来的研究 动机行为中的电路选择和神经调节作用。 这些 研究应促进对动机的神经基础的理解 行为及其功能障碍，如普遍的精神疾病所见 例如抑郁和躁狂症。