Neural Basis of Motivated Behaviors

动机行为的神经基础

• 批准号: 6920067
• 负责人: KLAUDIUSZ ROBERT WEISS
• 金额: $ 38.14万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-30 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6920067
• 关键词: Aplysia; alternatives to animals in research; behavioral /social science research tag; biological signal transduction; brain regulatory center; eating; electrophysiology; ethology; excretion; experience; high performance liquid chromatography; high voltage electrophoresis; immunocytochemistry; interneurons; memory; motivation; motor neurons; neural plasticity; neural transmission; neuromuscular function; neuromuscular junction; neuromuscular transmission; neurotransmitter metabolism; neurotransmitter transport; oral behavior; swallowing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Virtually every neural circuit that generates complex behaviors is a multitasking network: it generates not one but multiple behaviors. The fundamental question that we are addressing in this proposal is what endows a single network (central pattern generator; CPG) with this ability to generate multiple behaviors and to switch between them. We propose to study this problem in the context of three forms of feeding behavior, biting, swallowing, and egestion, in the model system Aplysia. Each of these behaviors is initiated by distinct higher-order neurons that contain different complements of neuropeptides. Using a combination of electrophysiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques we propose to test a series of hypotheses. First, we will test the hypothesis that each of the higher-order neurons elicits a distinct behavior by activating individual interneurons from the same network to a different degree. It follows that the individual interneurons, which form the CPG, must differ from each other in the functional roles they fulfill. We propose a scheme to analyze the role that individual interneurons play in generating different behaviors. We propose to test the hypothesis that differences in these roles stem from the neurons' use of different small-molecule transmitters that exert both fast and slow actions. Finally, we propose to test the hypothesis that a combination of interneuronal firing patterns, plasticity of their synaptic connections, and characteristics of the transmitters they utilize serves to counteract the maladaptive aspects that memory of previous behavior may exert when a new behavior needs to be elicited. Maladaptively persistent forms of memory of previous experiences may underlie such serious behavioral pathologies as the compulsive-obsessive disorders and depression.

事实上，每一个产生复杂行为的神经回路都是一个多任务网络：它产生的不是一个而是多个行为。我们在这个提议中要解决的基本问题是，是什么赋予了一个单一的网络（中央模式生成器; CPG）生成多种行为并在它们之间切换的能力。我们建议研究这个问题的背景下，三种形式的喂养行为，咬，吞咽，排泄，在模型系统中。这些行为中的每一种都是由不同的高阶神经元发起的，这些神经元包含不同的神经肽补充物。使用电生理学，生物化学和分子技术相结合，我们提出了一系列的假设进行测试。首先，我们将测试这样一个假设：每个高阶神经元通过不同程度地激活来自同一网络的单个中间神经元来激发不同的行为。由此可见，形成CPG的单个中间神经元在它们所履行的功能角色上一定彼此不同。我们提出了一个方案来分析的作用，个别interneurons在产生不同的行为。我们建议测试的假设，这些角色的差异源于神经元的使用不同的小分子递质，发挥快速和缓慢的行动。最后，我们建议测试的假设，即组合的interneuronal的放电模式，可塑性的突触连接，和他们利用的发射机的特性，以抵消适应不良的方面，以前的行为记忆可能会发挥一个新的行为时，需要引起。对以前经历的不适应的持久记忆形式可能是诸如强迫-强迫症和抑郁症等严重行为病理的基础。